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The fact that there are at least 386 available versions of Linux shows just how many groups want to launch their own "distributions"--Linux combined with other open-source software into a full-fledged operating-system product. But the fact that few people are familiar with distributions other than Red Hat, Suse and Debian is a testament to how hard it is to be successful.
Ubuntu began less than two years ago. It's the brainchild of Mark Shuttleworth, who, in the last 10 years, also founded security firm Thawte Consulting, sold it to VeriSign for $575 million and rode a Russian rocket to spend eight days in orbit at the International Space Station.
Ubuntu is an offshoot of Debian. It began with an emphasis on easy-to-use PCs, but there's also a server version. Development comes from volunteers and those funded by Shuttleworth's 50-person start-up, Canonical, and the Ubuntu Foundation, which Shuttleworth launched with a $10 million donation. The founder's influence is strong--developers refer to him as SABDFL, short for self-appointed benevolent dictator for life.
And with only two versions released so far--a third, code-named Breezy Badger, is due Oct. 13--it has drawn praise. "It's the distro that I recommend to newcomers to Linux because things just work," RedMonk analyst Stephen O'Grady said. And Ubuntu's developer community is fairly strong, he said.
Breezy Badger will include support for the Linux Terminal Server Project, a project popular in the education market that lets a group of low-end PCs share the horsepower of a Linux server. And it will include a "configurator" to make it easier for computer makers to install a customized version and add-ons.
Shuttleworth wanted Linux that was innovative and that wasn't divided into a costly but supported high-end version and a free but largely unsupported alternative, said Jeff Waugh, Canonical's No. 3 employee and a leader of Ubuntu's business and community development efforts.
"Red Hat is essentially charging licensing fees to use their enterprise distribution," Waugh said. "There's no glass ceiling in Ubuntu--no enterprise version you can't touch."
Wooing "the community"
Ubuntu's gains come at a time when the commercial powers of the Linux realm are trying hard to engage the vast and amorphous group loosely known as "the open-source community." This band includes new and experienced programmers at major corporations, schools and cash-strapped start-ups, and it spans the globe. Harnessing its talents can make it easier to develop new features, find bugs, build a customer base and set development priorities.
Red Hat's community project, Fedora, has had some troubles, but the project and the company's relationship to it get "better by the month," Chief Executive Matthew Szulik said. Novell has launched a similar project, OpenSuse, and spokesman Kevan Barney said the company believes that it has "a much broader user community" than does Ubuntu. Even Sun Microsystems, which is making a version of Unix into an open-source project called OpenSolaris, believes that it can benefit from the approach.
But the project most likely to benefit from Ubuntu's success is Debian, a decidedly noncommercial project. Ubuntu is based on Debian's development version, called Sid, and Ubuntu programmers are collaborating well on the GNOME desktop interface software and the X.org low-level graphics support, Waugh said.
Quantifying Ubuntu's gains is difficult. For example, it doesn't show up in IDC's revenue charts, since it's available for free, even for those who want installation CDs sent to them. But there are some signs. For one thing, there are 60 people who are authorized to approve Ubuntu software changes and many more who supply them with the modifications. Ubuntu also distributed 1.4 million copies of its first version, called Warty Warthog. And it tops the reader interest charts at DistroWatch, a site that catalogs Linux distributions.
One thing Ubuntu lacks is commercial partnerships, but there are some early signs that's changing. VMware, whose software lets multiple operating systems run on the same computer, added experimental Ubuntu support with its new version 5 beta, citing customer demand. And Hewlett-Packard sells notebook computers with Ubuntu in Europe and Africa, with plans to expand to desktops in the region, spokeswoman Nita Miller said.
Commercial support might be easier with more stable future versions. Ubuntu releases new versions every six months, and 6.04--named after its April 2006 due date but code-named Dapper Drake--will feature three-year support for the desktop version and five-year support for the server version. That's a much
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Jeff Waugh, Ubuntu, Debian, Linux, Red Hat Inc.






- Ubuntu, Real Literacy, Shuttleworth
- by meshvic September 30, 2005 5:11 PM PDT
- Mark Shuttleworth donated something like 60 workstations to the University of Cape Town Science Faculty, all with Ubuntu preinstalled; taking a significant step in the slow effort of eradicating any proprietery software in our learning environment.<br /><br />I personally introduced a friend of mine whose faculty only uses Windows, and because of regular crashes that their M$ server had he wasn't a stranger in the Mark Shuttleworth lab. Now Linux is like a religion to him, and he is introducing more and more friends as the lab is not restricted to the Science students, unlike the rest. "Mesh, I feel like I'm control of everything now... I actually understand why I'm whatever I'm doing on my PC... look... I can configure my mail client, gunzip my files and ftp my pictures to my website. Before I could only run spell-check in that white window where I could type my essays - I didn't even know that it was called word. Right now I only run windows as a window within linux and that's when I need to play games". Well, believe it or not even I sometimes ask him for some commands - most recently on how to access my untouched windows hosted Novell Netware account within linux. He didn't know but within a few minutes he already figured it out. So much for a Humanities major.<br /><br />He's just one example of many of us who are brainwashed in our first year by being only introduced to Windows, which of course "sponsors" our departments. Well, I'm glad that at least now only first years use windows. In fact, they should uninstall it in all the campus machines. Every student will then be conscious again and understand the basics like why they click, login, get viruses, etc and that they don't have to press control-alt-delete anymore, rather than just being clueless puppets who are just being exploited.<br /><br />Only then we'll say we have a sane community that is moving forward, rather than having proprietery bareers that are leashing development not only in the ICT industry but every other! In fact the only reason why students keep asking simple windows questions is that it is so stupidly simple to do things with it, if they ever work! A student using Ubuntu for the first time will ask: how do I cut a directory and paste in...; you just go like rm -r [directory]. When s/he says the directory is not there anymore you'll go like oh, I thought I said mv... this cutting-pasting concept is confusing me a little, what are we scissoring by the way? then he'll find out about all the commands and what they do. Next time he'll be setting up an auto-responder for you when you go for a vacation. That is a quality student, majoring in law. The world will then move forward.<br /><br />Tip: Whenever anyone asks you any windows question the answer is start->run->cmd & type: format %systemdrive%<br /><br /><a class="jive-link-external" href="http://www.ubuntu.com/" target="_newWindow">http://www.ubuntu.com/</a><br /><a class="jive-link-external" href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/" target="_newWindow">http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/</a><br /><a class="jive-link-external" href="http://www.firefox.com/" target="_newWindow">http://www.firefox.com/</a>
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- i'm in complete agreement
- by Scott W October 1, 2005 11:59 AM PDT
- i agree completely. pre-linux, i was just: point, click, pray, hooray it didn't blow up :D:D i didn't even have any interest in understanding computers, they just worked like magic. however, after discovering about MS' dodgy business practices i started looking at the alternatives and, pretty soon, linux was on my machine and i started outgrowing most of my former teachers in terms of computer skill. while i don't know everything, i tend to find learning easier in linux since it encourages learning. if i need to find out how to do something, i'm like: let's go on the web and find out. i've recently put DSL on a USB flash drive, just to use it on my college computers. :)
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