January 19, 2007 6:56 PM PST
Apple's 802.11n accounting conundrum
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Apple said Thursday that it plans to charge customers $1.99 for a software download that enables the 802.11n Wi-Fi technology currently present in almost all MacBooks and MacBook Pros with Intel's Core 2 Duo processor. The company says accounting rules known as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) force it to ask for money for the download.
"During the past several months Apple has shipped some Macs with the hardware to support 802.11n, but the draft of the 802.11n specification was not complete enough to create the required software," Apple spokeswoman Lynn Fox said in an e-mail to CNET News.com. "Now that the draft specification is complete, we are ready to distribute the software to make the 802.11n hardware in these Macs come to life."
But because the company has already recognized all the revenue from the sales of those computers, it has to now charge customers at least a nominal fee in order to establish the value of its software upgrade and satisfy an obscure accounting regulation known as SOP 97-2, said Fox.
Apple didn't have to do it this way, say accounting experts. But the company most likely faced difficult choices in relation to the upgrade: It could have held off on shipping the new Macs until the upgrade software was ready. It could have skipped the 802.11n capabilities altogether. Or it could have deferred revenue from the new Macs until the software was ready--all unlikely and unpalatable options.
Hence, the $1.99 fee.
Of course, back when the Macs first shipped, Apple could have told customers that the upgrade cost was coming and avoided customer backlash over the surprise fee, but that didn't happen either.
"To be certain, GAAP does not require companies to charge customers," said Gerard Carney, a spokesman for the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which updates and maintains GAAP standards for accounting. "Further, GAAP does not tell companies how to run their business," he wrote in an e-mail.
And now, for the tricky part...
The 802.11n Wi-Fi standard delivers faster wireless connection speeds and greater network range. It has been delayed a few times, but the Wi-Fi Alliance, a group of companies charged with managing the standard, is getting ready to certify products based on the specification. Apple announced at its recent Macworld Expo in San Francisco that it would start shipping a new 802.11n Airport Extreme Base Station and the upgrade software for $179 in February, around the same time it will ship its Apple TV product, which also has an 802.11n chip.
Apple began selling MacBook Pro notebooks with Intel's Core 2 Duo processor in September, later adding that chip to MacBooks and iMacs. However, the company also included 802.11n chips in almost all of those systems without telling buyers, Apple CEO Steve Jobs revealed at Macworld last week.
Here comes the tricky part: under accounting regulations developed over the last several years, when companies sell a product with multiple pieces that are delivered at different times, they must determine the separate value of each piece of that product, accounting experts say. And the company can only record the revenue associated with a specific piece when it is delivered to the customer.
This is a very common practice in many industries, said Ryan LaFond, assistant professor for accounting at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Sloan School of Business. For example, magazines receive all the money for a full year's subscription at the time the subscription is purchased, but they only record that as revenue as each issue is delivered, deferring the remaining balance into a liability account called unearned revenue.
But magazine readers purchase a subscription knowing they'll get an issue every week or month, which establishes the value of each issue and lets the accountants know how much money to recognize as revenue each month.
See more CNET content tagged:
IEEE 802.11n, GAAP, accounting, Apple Computer, Intel Core 2 Duo
106 comments
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said, hey for only $10 bucks we'll upgrade your wireless card,
people would be shouting for joy. But because we found out
some people are taking this like a bitter pill. I wonder how the
rest of the beige boxers are gonna handle this. I am so happy it
like Christmas all over again... only problem we are gonn see a
lot of firmware fried wireless cards. Apple is probably crossing
there fingers they are trying to do this for almost nothing but if
they get a lot of dead cards with the update, its gonna hurt.
Now if they would only release an 1.99 iphone upgrade for my
aging blackberry.
is really just to please the feds.
a pass. The difference is that in your example, SP2 was an
upgrade to a prduct that M$ sold with no specific plans to
upgrade. The Macs shipped with the 802.11n but not the
software to run it. If Apple delivered the software later, in effect
they should have reserved sme of the revenue from the Macs as
"unearned", and only recognized it once the software was
delivered. A very cumbersome task.
The alternatives that the article states are ridiculous. Saying that
Apple could have just delayed the release of the new Macs can
only be suggested by someone that does not understand how to
run a busines.
laptops and such without knowing they would be getting 'n'
functionality. So, they don't have to pay the fee. Only if they
want the 'n' functionality. It would have been different if Apple
had told them they were geting 'n' then tried to charge them for
the update. But since the buyers didn't know this update was
coming for their machines, they should be happy that they have
the choice to upgrade or not. Think about all those that don't
have that choice. It's just another stupid reason for people to
complain about a big company for no other reason than to
complain.
advertised that these laptops are upgradable to 802.11n. What's
wrong for them to charge for the upgrade? People can choose not
to upgrade to stay with 802.11g that they knew they had paid for.
pay $1.99 to upgrade to "n" functionality. Not a single one that I
personally know has complained. It is most likely the rabid Apple
Haters that are trying to throw up a stink.
Have a nice day!
1) Delay shipping the hardware (unimaginable in the computer
hardware business).
2) Charge nothing and say that the software has no market value
(software worth nothing? ha!)
3) Charge nothing and defer the revenue (better than option 2,
but still bad for business)
4) Charge $2 to offset production, distribution, and support
possible costs AND keep the gov't lawyers happy since
everything Apple does is under such tight scrutiny now.
You are an Apple accountant. Which of the above do you do to
try to keep the company running smoothly while also staying in
the legal realm? You can't blame Apple for releasing the
hardware prematurely because it works with 802.11g (as
advertised) and coincidentally has the hardware capabilities to
run a DRAFT version of 802.11n. I don't think enough people
realize how expensive driver software is to make, distribute, and
maintain. I actually find it pleasantly shocking that so few
companies charge for "software updates" that are, quite
honestly, worth quite a few dollars to quite a few people. I guess
that companies have found that providing free updates is a good
way to keep customers happy. Could they charge if they wanted?
Sure! But they'd have to think about the consequences
(financially speaking, as well). I doubt we'll see Apple charge for
other software upgrades.
With Apple reporting over a billion dollars in first quarter revenues this week past, I think that would have been the best answer. Perhaps not for the accountant--they'd have had to do their job--but for the customers. Except, it appears that Apple customers are willing to put up with more abuse than typical customers. Such loyalty doesn't stay that way forever. I'd be very surprised if Apple doesn't find an accountant that gives them a better answer next time.
--mark d.
computer, but merely turned off! We're talking about existing
hardware here, not a software upgrade adding new features.
Since the hardware came with the computer, there's no reason
Apple couldn't tell people how to turn it on, which is all the
software really does.
as well just buy a new Airport Express next month and get the
update free. You can also use the Airport Express in conjunction
with one or more hard drives for wireless sharing throughout the
area, including with Windows boxes.
Have a nice day!
accounting rules and Apple's options. Instead people are
ignoring that and assuming strange conspiracy theories. Sorry -
no conspiracy - its as simple as explained in the article. Let me
sum it all up - Apple could not release the 802.11n WiFi draft
standard because the WiFi 802.11n draft standard had not be
finalized. Instead of not including the hardware capable of this
new faster standard they put the hardware in the computers
without the software to run it. Because of the accountant
standards they need to charge something (not to make money
but to abide by GAAP). Apple did everyone with this hardware a
favor - would you rather they didn't include it, which they easily
could have. The people buying these computers didn't know
they where getting this feature. For a small fee of $1.99 you get
802.11n capabilities you didn't know you had when you bought
the machine - that's a nice gift for $1.99 - it's not some kind of
god given right to have 802.11n WiFi. I can sum up what I think
after reading the comments - we have too many wining cynical
wimps in the world. Do you realize some people are concerned
about where their next meal is coming from today - not if they
have 802.11n. Does anyone out there agree with me?
GAAP is not requiring Apple to charge this ludicrous fee, which ALL OTHER router manufacturers are EXPECTED to give for free. Outrageous the lengths Apple fanboys and their paid acolytes will go to.
dis Apple. $1.99 is nothing.
Have a nice day!
the standard will be approved. most MacTel owners have windows
installed anyway.
that way no $1.99 for Apple.
sending $1.99 Apple's way.
Where did you get the idea that "most MacTel owners have windows
installed..."? I think you are making an assumption based on your
own preference for Windows.
Have a nice day!
a difference. This is just silly.
away the trolls here would come up with some reason to criticize
Apple for it. The guiding principal at c|net is "If Apple invented it,
manufactured it, sold it, updated it, upgraded it, or had anything to
do with it then it's bad, useless, substandard, lacking, a poor copy,
and most of all, not Windows.
This is what c|net and its lemming minions are all about. Period.
If Apple can charge you $2.00 for a hardware upgrade to a system you already own, why can't they then choose to charge you another few thousand to let you have the ability to save files to the hard drive? Or to have the screen come on? Or anything at all? I mean, just because you BOUGHT the hardware doesn't give you the right to use it.
This is a dangerous precedent to set. Start with this and we'll see all sorts of crippled systems being sent out that you can 'unlock' for a fee.
I don't see why Apple did it this way, it could simply have been a software update to the Airport software. They release those all the time, I don't see why this had to be any different.
<a class="jive-link-external" href="http://www.mikeparsons.net/2007/01/unlocking-apple-wireless-80211n.html" target="_newWindow">http://www.mikeparsons.net/2007/01/unlocking-apple-wireless-80211n.html</a>
hamburger joint. You pay that for 2 downloaded songs off iTunes.
I don't see the big deal here..., it's a non story.
It's not like they are hosing you? If you want a faster speed, pay it,
if not, don't... it's that simple.
In light of this, Apple should have used this 802.11n situation as an opportunity to fix this connectivity problem and give all MacBook owners the capability they paid for originally. I don?t think the SEC regulators and the Justice Dept are looking for $1.99 errors in Apple accounting. They are looking for fraudulent activity by the executives steeling from the shareholders.
<a class="jive-link-external" href="http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?messageID=3801533#3801533" target="_newWindow">http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?messageID=3801533#3801533</a>
wide variety of unrelated issues. Some have to do with third party
software, third party hardware, drivers, kludges, and human
stupidity. And yes, a few actual Apple-related driver issues as well.
But hey, nothing is perfect, is it?
Have a nice day!
things. No conspiracy theory required.
Have a nice day!
You can thank these types of laws, regulations and standards (as well as the dotCOM collapse) to software and technology companies big on ideas and promises but fell short on delivery. These companies inflated earnings by reporting revenue earned from the sale of software that wasn't even in development yet. Seeing these inflated earnings brought on investors who in the end lost a lot of money when the company wasn't able to deliver the final product.
Aside from the accounting practices, in my mind, Apple was actually looking out for customers by including the chips set before it was approved. Who had more of a risk in this? Apple. They included a chip set for a technology that could have easily been passed up in place of some other emerging technology. Sort of like the X2 vs. 56K modem deal for those who still remember modems in the 90s. So Apple included this technology instead of waiting and then adding it into laptops later, which would have raised even more eyebrows after somebody bought a $2000 laptop that would have obselete technology in it a month later. Apple isn't forcing the $2.00 charge on anybody. It is a feature that you didn't pay for when you bought the computer because they COULDN'T charge you for it. Now it is available to you IF you want it. The $2.00 charge is much better than the insane amount of money 802.11n cards are going to be running when first released. Remember DVD-Rs a few years back. You couldn't get one for under $800.00 and now they run for the same price CD-RWs did back then.
So why not do the $0.01 cell phone thing and be "cool" about it? Because for a company to charge a credit card a penny they actually lose money from transaction and processing fees. I don't care how noble you might think it is but no business is in the business of losing money.
In short, stop the "down with the man" complaining. Nobody is "holding you down" and nobody is twisting your arms or stealing your money.
And for the record, I don't work for, nor do I own a Mac so please keep the "fanboy" insults to a minimum.
Just my $2.02
_mt
I don't expect any different from Apple. The truthiness in their commercials is questionable at best. Now they're trying to fool eveyone into thinking they didn't know about this ahead of time and couldn't have just released the machines with a Beta firmware with the autonegotiate set to B/G and drivers that was later updated to the final one for free. This could have been included as an optional "install" on the system. (seperate disk, etc... hey we do this in the PC industry all the time and don't have to charge since the "product" is already sold.
This has nothing to do with the GAAP rules concerning this issue and a lot more to do with Apple's short sightedness in dealing with hardware they're not familiar with. It's sad that people who purchased this product now have to get nickel and dimed after spending $500 more on a PC than a PC would have cost them.
I know $1.99.. no big deal. In fact in the scope of the $2000 you spent on the PC.. err.. Mac... in the first place it's nothing. Not even worth mentioning. And you're right.. it's not. But that's not the real point. (if you're keeping track 1.3 million units x 1.99.. so it's not big deal... yeah... right... water drops arn't a big deal until there's a million of them falling on your head, then it's called rain)
Apple knew their hardware was capable of this when they built the machine. They could have opted for the Beta / Final release approach that most companies would have used to get around this, but they didn't.
We actually should be happy they fessed up before some hacker figured it out. If this had been a PC maker you'd have seen forum posts all over about how they were purposly gimping their computers (See story on HP VT Bios setting) I guess Apple has an advantage since most Mac users arn't computer users in the "geek" sense.
Anyway, like I said, nothing to do with GAAP that's just a good excuse to cover their mistake. Has anyone done any digging to see if any retail locations "accidently" listed the computer as being 802.11n capable prior to this?
no big deal, but you still don't hesitate to try to make it a big deal.
Have a nice day!
So what is next? "Hey boys, we are sorry. Our new secretary made a mistake and you have to pay for the security fixes". Oh yeah, for those Mac owners who are still now aware of it, please search the terms "Apple security updates" in google.
2) Security updates are a whole different ball game. A security update to existing, working and DELIVERED hardward, software, firmware or anything else that the user is currently using wouldn't fall under the same apple tree. You need to check the orange grove for that arguement. The 802.11n isn't a security upgrade, it isn't an "Ooops, we messed up so now you owe us $2.00" It is something that was included by Apple because they were forward thinking. They knew 802.11n was on the horizon and decided to take a change and implement it into their new line of computers so that their users could take advantage of it IF they chose to do so when it was approved and released to market. It is a charge that by law they could not charge at the time of purchase because it wasn't enabled and the user couldn't take advantage of it. Nobody knew it was there when they bought their computer so as one of the other user replied it's like an added bonus. Nobody bought their computer thinking it was 802.11n compatible and then Apple told them "Yeah...about that. We're going to need $2.00 from you." If the computer was "N" compatible and it didn't work or there were security holes in it then there would be no reason to charge because the technology was delivered, charged, payed for and claimed as revenue.
A person buys a computer with a 200Gb HDD installed but it only has 100Gb available. Ah, so you want to use the rest of the drive's capacity? No problem- simply pay us an activation fee. Doesn't matter that you own the drive, you don't own the right to use it.
Want to have the color blue on your monitor? Pay us a fee. Doesn't matter that the hardware is already in place, you don't have the right to use it.
Want to use the letter 'e' on your keyboard? No... sorry, that isn't enabled by default. Please pay us a fee for the use of this hardware key on the keyboard.
It's a very slippery slope and if Apple can get away with it, then other manufacturers will be jumping on that bandwagon too.
Now I know why accountants are all evil trolls. ;)
because the new standard is not yet approved (indeed, has gone
through changes) you have to decide whether to leave it out or
build it in and gamble that the way you've implemented is right.
Apple chose the latter path. But because they probably weren't
sure if their implementation was correct, they didn't say
anything about it. Because of this and the obscure accounting
rules you get the charge.
So why not just charge a penny for the upgrade? Once you
decide to charge for it, you need to track the charges, collect the
monies, etc. and all of that has cost associated with it. So you
charge enough to cover your expenses in collecting the money.
One other not the article left out: The "enabler" is free if you buy
one of the new AP Extremes. The only people that would actually
need to buy the enabler would be those using non-Apple
wireless routers.
--mark d.
very pleasantly surprised to find that I would have draft N if I
decided I would need it. It felt like a bonus.
Do I care about the $2? No. If I pick up a non Apple router I'll
budget it. Maybe I'll skip an expresso.
wireless connection... but my MacBook does not have the Core 2
Duo processor.... Buaaaa!
quite some time, you had two separate companies attempting to
gain dominance, and prove their version of 802.11n was
better....
Now to the present, Apple is charging $2.00 technically to
activate your hardware, ok and? Where are you going to use the
802.11n connection, all companies are still scrambling to either
fix, or tweak their 802.11n firmware in their routers and cards to
make them officially 802.11n compliant...
You buy the new Airport Extreme that has 802.11n and you get
the CD with the activation software in it for free... now people
here are going to say Belikin, and Linksys both have the same
issue, yes that is true, but they only make networking hardware.
Linksys does not support Apple, ever call their tech support?
Well I have, they don't supply support for OS X at all, even
though their routers technically do work with any Mac, if
anything goes wrong wirelessly, they hold no responsibility with
it. That was nearly exactly what I was told too...
Belkin, well I use Belkin in my Dual 1.25 G4, They support the
Mac OS, so in turn you probably will be getting a new driver and
firmware update notification or download on their site any day
now.
My issue with people complaining about this is where are you
going to use your 802.11n connection? Schools don't have them
yet (I know that because I am a contractor for nearly a dozen in
Mass, as a consultant for their networks) Businesses are going to
wait to upgrade, if at all, malls aren't going to be using it for at
least another 3 years, the only place that may would be the
Apple Store, or home if you ever spend the money to put it down
to get a wireless switch to make it happen.
You bought a Mac with "everything you wanted" and now you
find out it can do a bit more with an extra pay of $2.00 ok, so
you are ******** about an extra $2.00 to a song and dance that
cost you about $1200 starting on the cheap end after all is said
and done, and that also doesn't include Apple Care either... why?
***** all you want, but you have a choice, spend $2.00 going to
work for a cup of coffee from Starbucks, or Dunkin Donuts, or
wherever else you go or spend it on the download, which in all
honesty will do just as much for your health as a cup of coffee...
or do nothing at all, but stop ********... there is no reason for it
at all. You still got the laptop or computer you paid for, nothing
has changed. And as it stands now you still can't use the
802.11n connection in your house anyway unless you have an
802.11n wireless hub, so what is your complaint?
complaining.
"CD with AirPort Utility (Mac and Windows), 802.11n Enabler for Core 2 Duo and Xeon-based Macintosh computers (except 17-inch 1.83GHz iMac), Bonjour for Windows"
..if you get my drift here, this could all be moot real soon now...
Here's another timely story about the same accounting rule. Why didn't Apple defer the earnings like MS did? Simple, there was no assured timeframe. All the rest of the arguments here are simply making noise over something Apple couldn't control because the laws demand specific types of actions.