A new study suggests that driving while texting makes you six times more likely to crash.
(Credit: CC indyplanets/Flickr)It's no surprise that driving while texting (DWT) falls under the category of driving while stupid (DWS).
It's even been compared with driving under the influence (DUI). Still, anywhere from one-third to 60 percent of teens admit to texting behind the wheel.
Yet another study--this one out of the University of Utah--reinforces the fact that driving while texting is incredibly dangerous (PDF).
Drivers who text are about six times more likely to crash than those paying full attention to the road, this study says, and their reaction times are on average three times slower than the reaction times of drivers talking on cell phones.
According to the study's results published in the Human Factors journal:
Drivers apparently attempt to divide attention between a phone conversation and driving, adjusting the processing priority of the two activities depending on task demands. This requires drivers to switch their attention from one task to the other. When such attention-switching occurs as drivers compose, read, or receive a text, their overall reaction times are substantially slower than when they're engaged in a phone conversation."
The study was done on just 20 men and 20 women (ages 19 to 23) in a driving simulator, so it may or may not translate directly to what happens on the road. In the simulations, drivers tended to follow other vehicles more closely when texting and had worse reaction times, which includes being slower to hit the brakes.
Reading text messages also affected braking time more than did composing messages.
The National Safety Council has called on state and federal lawmakers to ban the use of cell phones and text-messaging devices while driving, which several states have already done.
Despite increased publicity over the dangers of texting while driving, many teenagers (like many adults) have yet to get the message.
A third of cell phone users aged 16 and 17 admitted to texting while driving, according to focus groups and a report released Monday by Pew Research. For the report, "Teens and Distracted Driving," Pew surveyed 800 kids aged 12 to 17 about their cell phone use in the car. Teens 16 and 17 years old were asked about their role as drivers, while younger ones were questioned about their experiences as passengers.
Of all teens surveyed, 75 percent said they own a cell phone and 66 percent of those text. Half of teens 16 and 17 who own a cell phone said they've talked on the phone while driving.
Among passengers, 48 percent of teens 12 to 17 said they've been in a car while the driver was texting, and 40 percent have been in a car when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put everyone in danger.
Though some teen drivers said they only text at a red light or will hand the phone over to a passenger to text, others didn't seem to care about the risk.
Pew found one high school boy who said he thinks texting while driving is "fine," adding, "I wear sunglasses so the cops don't see [my eyes looking down]." A high-school girl admitted that she texts "all the time," and that "everybody texts while they drive...like when I'm driving by myself I'll call people or text them cause I get bored."
(Credit:
Pew Research)
Many teens expressed concern about being in a car while the driver is talking or texting on a cell phone, noted Pew. But in several cases, the driver was the teen's parent.
"I am concerned because when my mom drives she talks on the phone a lot so she is still alert but she can get kind of dangerous," reported one young teen. Another boy said, "Yeah [my dad] drives like he's drunk. His phone is just like sitting right in front of his face, and he puts his knees on the bottom of the steering wheel and tries to text."
This latest Pew research confirms a deluge of other studies about the dangers of cell phone use while driving. One study by the VirginiaTech Transportation Institute found that truck drivers who texted were 23 times more at risk of a "crash or near crash event" than "nondistracted driving."
A Vlingo survey from May discovered that 26 percent of mobile phone users said they texted while driving. A test conducted by Car and Driver magazine showed dramatically slower reaction times by two drivers who tried to brake while texting.
Early Pew research from 2006 (before texting became widespread) found a quarter of adult cell phone owners felt that using their phone compromised their ability to drive.
Certain states, such as California, Connecticut, and Oregon have passed laws banning texting or talking on a mobile phone while driving. The U.S. Senate is currently looking at a bill that would give federal dollars to other states who pass similar laws.
In late September, Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood held a summit to discuss the issue of distracted driving. Around that time, President Obama signed an executive order banning federal workers from texting while driving.
Pew's Internet & American Life Project conducted its survey of 800 teens last summer. Pew and the University of Michigan also held nine focus groups with teens 12 to 18 between June and October to discuss the issue of driving and cell phones. Pew's results included the findings from both the survey and focus groups.
Driving while texting, amusingly dubbed DWT, has a more profound effect on reaction times than drivers realize, a new road test shows.
A road test run by Car & Driver magazine showed dramatically slower reaction times by two test drivers who tried to brake while reading and, separately, writing text messages. Previous studies on DWT have typically been run in car simulators. The magazine believes its study may be the first conducted in a real vehicle on a stretch of road.
To cover different age ranges, two separate tests were set up on a road course--one with 22-year-old Jordan Brown, a Car & Driver intern, the other with the magazine's 37-year-old editor-in-chief, Eddie Alterman.
Using a Honda Pilot as the test vehicle, both drivers first drove a straight line and were told to hit the brake in response to a light that flashed on the dashboard. That measured their baseline reaction time. The second test had the drivers read a text message while driving; the third asked them to type a message while behind the wheel.
An additional test also compared the effects of DWT with driving while intoxicated, on the same day under the same road conditions. After downing enough alcohol to become legally drunk, the test subjects took to the road again.
The results showed that at 35 mph, it took a sober Brown an extra 21 feet to hit the brake while reading a text message, and an extra 16 feet while typing a message.
At 70 mph, it took him 30 extra feet to jam on the brake while reading a text, and an extra 31 feet while composing.
Those figures compared with an extra 7 feet at 35 mph and an extra 15 feet at 70 mph while intoxicated. However, in his drunken condition, Brown had to be told twice which lane to drive in--a dangerous scenario if he had been in actual traffic.
At 35 mph, a sober Alterman took an extra 188 feet to step on the brake while reading a text, and an extra 90 feet while typing a message.
At 70 mph, he took an extra 129 feet to hit the brake while reading a message, and an additional 319 feet while writing one.
While intoxicated, it took him at extra 7 feet at 35 mph and an extra 15 feet at 70 mph.
"In our test, neither of us had any idea texting would slow down our reaction time so much," said Alterman. "Like most folks, we believe we are good drivers, but the real key to driving safely is keeping your eyes and your mind on the road. Text messaging distracts any driver from those primary tasks."
Car & Driver also noted the relatively safe conditions of its test, compared with driving in the real world. The two subjects drove down a straight line without other cars, signals, or pedestrians.
The full story can be read in Car & Driver's June issue.
Previous studies have also confirmed the dangers of DWT. A recent survey by Vlingo found more than a quarter of respondents admitted to texting while driving.
If you're taking a car trip this Memorial Day weekend, you may feel safest driving in Arizona, but you may want to steer clear of Tennessee.
A survey just released by mobile application vendor Vlingo says 26 percent of mobile phone users questioned admit to DWT, or driving while texting. The highest number of offenders are in Tennessee, with 42 percent of people saying they text behind the wheel, while Arizona drivers came in lowest at 18.8 percent.
Driving while texting is now fully banned in seven states as well as Washington, D.C., and partially banned in a select few other states. But it's not just auto drivers who pose a threat. Earlier this month, a 24-year-old Massachusetts subway operator rammed his train into the one ahead of him, sending almost 50 people to the hospital. According to investigators, the man later admitted to authorities he had been texting with his girlfriend while operating the train.
"In just one year, the public conversation about the issue of DWT has escalated, particularly in the wake of some high-profile accidents," said Dave Grannan, CEO of Vlingo. "Texting is such an integral component of our daily lives, and the cautionary tales about DWT danger have not stemmed the tide. We predicted last year that this problem would get worse, and it has since more people are texting."
Eighty-three percent of the people surveyed said they feel texting while driving should be illegal. But 40 percent of those questioned would OK DWT with the proper safety precautions, such as voice-activated commands. Further, 70 percent would use voice technology to speak and listen to incoming messages as opposed to typing and reading.
However, a study conducted last year from Carnegie Mellon University found that just listening to cell phone messages can impair a driver's ability to concentrate on the road.
The Vlingo survey uncovered other trends based on age. Almost 60 percent of people ages 16 to 19 and 49 percent of those in their 20s admit to texting while driving. Among people in their 50s, 13 percent said they have texted behind the wheel.
The 2009 survey released on Wednesday was the second annual one that Vlingo has commissioned. Survey results were based on responses from 4,816 people living in the continental U.S. Vlingo makes a voice-activated application for mobile phones, so one can argue that it may have a vested interest in the results. However, the company says the survey was conducted by an independent research firm named Toluna.
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