Global investment in sustainable energy amounted to $148 billion in 2007, a 60 percent gain over 2006, according to a United Nations report (PDF) Tuesday.
That will grow to $600 billion past 2020, reported New Energy Finance, a consultant to the U.N. Environment Programme.
The report forecast that an anticipated U.S. carbon tax, along with a new administration in Washington, D.C., and shifting attitudes by banks, will drive clean tech growth in America beyond the borders of California, despite the credit crisis.
Public investment in wind topped $11 billion globally last year, but none of that came from the United States, the report said. Wind power developer Iberenova, for instance, made the largest initial public offering in Spain in December 2007.
In 2007, solar companies raised more than $9 billion, which the U.N. attributed largely to Chinese companies aiming for the U.S. market.
And financing for energy efficiency technologies surged by 78 percent, amounting to a relatively modest $1.8 billion.
Among other highlights of the research:
Early venture capital investment expanded 112 percent to $2 billion in the same time period, while mergers and acquisitions rose 52 percent to $25.7 billion. Private financing of ethanol companies drove growth early in 2007, but plunged near the middle of year as feedstock prices spiked.
Biomass and waste to energy technologies expanded by a whopping 432 percent.
Sustainable energy added 31 gigawatts to worldwide capacity, growing by 23 percent.
Research and development in the sector totaled nearly $17 billion in 2007, of which $10 billion came from corporations and $7 billion came from government sources.
Developing nations are a widening target of new investment, which grew 22 percent to $26 billion from 2004 to 2007.
With oil prices over $120 per barrel comes a venture capital report entitled "Cleantech Come of Age" from PricewaterhouseCoopers.
The upbeat survey finds that venture capitalists put $2.2 billion into clean tech companies last year and that prospects look good.
"There is huge enthusiasm taking place in the cleantech industry and as consumers and corporations increasingly seek new ways to become environmentally responsible, interest and funding directed towards the sector will only continue," Tim Carey, leader of U.S. clean tech at PricewaterhouseCoopers, said in a statement.
According to the press release, the study finds that:
• 40 percent of senior executives surveyed feel that reducing greenhouse gas emissions and/or waste and pollutants over the next five years is a leading or important priority within their company.
• 64 percent of CEOs are concerned about rising energy costs.
• 45 percent of these same CEOs are concerned about the potential threat to their businesses' growth prospects as a result of energy security.
Investment in clean tech continues to rise. This chart shows the correlation with rising oil prices.
(Credit: MoneyTree report from PricewatersCoopers via VentureBeat.)PricewaterhouseCoopers anticipates sales growth across the subsectors of clean tech, including renewable energy, biofuels, and recycling and pollution.
Reality check
The report doesn't identify any dark clouds on the horizon but you don't need to look very hard to find some.
Oil prices have risen rapidly over the past two years, helping make more clean tech ventures financially attractive. But fuels and electricity are extremely price sensitive, as biodiesel producers have found, which means that a drop in oil prices could make some business models less viable.
Although venture capital-backed companies can generate a lot of excitement and buzz, the amount of money that goes into start-ups is very small compared with corporate labs.
The ability of companies like Shell, BP, Dow, and General Electric to innovate and make money in clean tech will go a long way to deciding whether these technologies--be they solar panels or biofuels--become cost-competitive with fossil fuels.
The other big spender on energy-related research and development is government.
Experts have long complained that funding programs for clean technologies is inconsistent, too small, or misplaced. In a recent interview, clean tech expert Peter Fusaro, the chairman of Global Change Associates, called the billions spent on the stalled FutureGen coal carbon storage project a "boondoggle."
Already, we are seeing that it will be rare to find a technology that won't have some trade-offs. Witness the growing concern over the relationship that biofuel mandates have with food prices.
In the past few weeks, several Republican senators, including presidential contender Sen. John McCain have called on the U.S. to ease the mandates that are driving the ethanol market.
Finally, the energy sectors is highly regulated and capital-intensive, which poses challenges that small companies and their backers must contend with.
Even with these caveats, the overall sector does have strong fundamentals.
The sharp uptick in innovation related to energy and the environment is fueled by more money pouring into the field, which is backed by consumers who've gone green, businesses adjusting for climate change, and concern over energy security.
In a statement, Mark Heesen, the president of the National Venture Capital Association, called on policymakers to do their part in supporting the budding industry:
It is imperative that (venture capitalists) work hand in hand with the Congress, the administration and the regulators to enact public policies that are conducive to research and capital investment in this sector. The venture capital industry, as evidenced by growing investment levels, is committed to bringing to market state-of-the-art technologies that conserve energy and natural resources, protect the environment, and reduce harmful waste for years to come.
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