December 9, 2005 4:00 AM PST
Wikipedia's open-source label conundrum
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By comparison, Wikipedia had 45,531 registered members at the end of October, 1,854 of whom made more than 100 edits during that month alone.
In fairness, though he rightly believes Wikipedia has some of the attributes of an open-source software project, Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales doesn't like it when he sees someone describe it that way. "I think I've lost this battle against the term," Wales said.
There are other big differences between Wikipedia and open-source software.
Almost anyone can create a Wikipedia article that's made public, even though on Monday the service implemented a new rule requiring article writers to register with the site. Registering takes just a few seconds, and all Wikipedia asks for is a user name and password.
In fact, many posters do say who they are. But a few do not. Unregistered users can still edit any existing entry. That was the case with the anonymous poster who created the bogus Seigenthaler entry and Curry's embarrassing foray into editing. He was discovered when the edits were traced to an IP address for his computer.
If edits are incorrect, they won't get changed until someone else makes the changes. So in effect, there is no final version of a Wikipedia entry. They're more like living documents, always subject to change. Does that mean Wikipedia is always wrong? Not at all. But it does mean readers should be cautious.
Wales himself can make things confusing. As he tries to separate Wikipedia from the term "open source," he's quick to say Wikipedia--in addition to the volunteer force--shares several attributes of open-source software projects: The ability to copy, modify and redistribute. Also, like many open-source software projects, people are free to create derivative works from Wikipedia.
"I would say we are absolutely, definitely, open source, by what people mean (when they use the term)," said Wales. "But I don't use that term. Instead, I would say that we are part of the free culture movement" that also includes Creative Commons, the nonprofit organization that has created a licensing framework that allows for broad noncommercial use of copyrighted material.
But accountability is still missing, and that's a big difference from what goes on with software. The open-source software community itself, which is generally supportive of Wikipedia, is not so quick to agree that the terminology should apply to Wales' project.
"With software, you get the benefit of there being some objective measure of a change," said Brian Behlendorf, co-founder of the Apache Software Project. "It's not a question of aesthetics. Does this fix the bug people have noticed? Does it speed up performance?"
Other open-source experts agree that Wikipedia's lack of centralized control sets it apart from the software model.
"With open-source software, there tends to be an organization or person who's a leader of it and who's responsible for things going into the main line," said Dave Rosenberg, a principal analyst at the Open Source Development Lab, which promotes the adoption of Linux in the enterprise. "For instance, if you write a patch, Linus (Torvalds) approves it before it goes into Linux. It's the same with Apache."
Wales acknowledges the difference.
"Over time, as code gets to a certain level of maturity," he said, "it moves to a stable branch. And we're not at the point where we're ready to have a stable branch."
Still, Asay thinks anonymity is an inherent Wikipedia weakness.
"You can't do that in open source," Asay said. "You have to be a known entity to contribute code. You should have to be a known entity to contribute to Wikipedia."
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47 comments
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with bias. Even when errors have been corrected, a subsequent
contributor can reintroduce the same or different mistakes. Most
people have little knowledge of the subjects they are
investigating on this or any site, so they cannot detect the
problems. It is a crutch for the lazy, and those who have never
learned to do simple research. It would be far better for people
to use the Columbia Encyclopedia, available free here:
<a class="jive-link-external" href="http://www.bartleby.com/65/" target="_newWindow">http://www.bartleby.com/65/</a>
Wikipeida is totally amazing. C'mon.
You get the latest information instant; not waiting for some bogged down locked in academias approval.
I'm sure that Webster has allot of erroneous weak information in it too if not very limited. In Wikipeida I get real time cutting edge science and philosophy and then I can discuss in an individual forum. Something Webster could never do.
I think it really has helped the world massively by opening it up to real not televised phony debate and allowing people to discuss their most intimate beliefs about religion and science in the most no POV way possible. Nothing is perfect and I think a Propiatory Encyclopedia would be more imperfect overall.
From science journals to blogs even the most respected people of our day have and project their bias on what they write and publish.
I like the idea that when there is more than one view of a person or event that it can be published reviewed and amended. Things do change over time as more becomes known and I like that as things become known that older articles can be reviewed and updated or perhaps expanded.
One thing that seems to be forgotten everytime that people slam Wikipedia is that the material in in can be republished and referenced. Most encyclopedias are not very happy about someone clipping their article about something and reusing it.
When the written word publishers decide to attack their users the way that the RIAA and the MPAA have destroying "fair use" in the process the big encyclopedia and dictionary publishers will be the first to want their part.
[1] <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://news.com.com/2009-1025-5984535.html?tag=tb" target="_newWindow">http://news.com.com/2009-1025-5984535.html?tag=tb</a>
the last you would want to consult for general knowledge. They
also love gadgets that go Bang and Whoop-Whoop; and the things
they adore tend to have very short lifespans. It's no wonder that
many of them are smitten with a cute but shoddy toy like
Wikipedia.
The media is deciding to beat up on the Wikipedia folks today... who is it going to be tomorrow.
In fact, it may be you ... on Wikipedia ... accused of child molestation, a conspiracy to assasinate the President, tax evasion .... virtually anything. By exposing the potential danger of this free-for-all site that poses (by inference of it's name) as a type of encyclopedia, the media allows credibility to be given where it is deserved and skepticism directed at those who are "not totally accurate."
information detailing US relations to Hussein in the 1980s
regarding the sale of bio-chemical weapons. These points were
quickly sanitized from the annals of US dealings with this man.
Seems that if you have enough people to usurp history we all
relapse into a Winston Smith-esqe world with Wikipedia.org.
1. Introduce the material. Be bold!
2. If it is reverted, then ask why on the discussion page.
3. If the answer is reasonable, change your edit to deal with the criticism. Otherwise, politely say that you disagree and the reason why you disagree on the talk page.
4. Add the maerial back again.
5. If this happens a few times, go to the page <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:RFC" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:RFC</a> and ask for comment on the article
6. Keep talking on the talk page! Make sure you add reliable references, and ask why your material is being removed. Refrain from making personal attacks, even if those commenting are making personal attacks on yourself. Sooner or later, they will get blocked.
I did this with the Jesus article. I had material I needed to add (I needed to have the lead section updated because I felt it was misleading). I ran through this process, and eventually I was able to get a satisfactory response.
TBSDY
Maybe they just need to be stricter.
How would they know if, for instance, the history of Antigua,
Guatemala was incorrectly posted, as it was last I checked?
Do they have historians and other specialists doing the editing,
as do the commercial encyclopedias?
Do the paid staff of Wikipedia confirm the accuracy of Wikipedia
postings by checking real encyclopedias? That would be ironic,
wouldn't it.
If they are going to ban users for posting false information, they
must have some standard for evaluating falsehood, musn't they?
What is it?
fact, and is a total debasement of scholarship. It is no different
than the "hippies" of many years ago who sold their inferior
handmade crap on the corner stating that it was better than
"machine made" products. Garbage is garbage whether it's a stupid
macramé or words.
people just adore the fact that it is a "community," with Wikitoids
that are not copyrighted. The idea of articles written and
rewritted by 5, dozens, or hundreds of people makes about as
much sense as having 50 chefs prepare soup. The result is
putrid.
The model Wiikipedia defender offers this ringing defense:
"The folks at Wikipedia are doing good work. Even if it is not
totally accurate; give them a break."
The break that "the folks at Wikipedia" get is that they can
continue to post garbage for the amusement of the booboisie.
You can't fool all the people all of the time, but you can fool
most of them most of the time.
The mitigating factor is that people with faith in junk knowledge
have always found sources for it, so we aren't worse off. But a
gradeschool (or, heaven forbid, college) paper should receive an
"F" if it is found to contain Wikitoids.
[1] <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://news.com.com/2009-1025-5984535.html?tag=tb" target="_newWindow">http://news.com.com/2009-1025-5984535.html?tag=tb</a>
1. Neutral POV: this means that Wikipedia does not hold a position on any article. It means that crank theories are documented in Wikipeida, however you'll almost always see the opposing viewpoint. This should usually work vice versa (people being people, it sometimes doesn't work out).
2. No orginal research: this means that noone can make up a theory and add it to Wikipedia. It also means that YOUR opinion can go into an article - this would be original research.
3. Cite your sources: to stop original research, every fact or opinion in an article must have a source. We also frown on weasel words ("some critics say" - which critics?; "some media commentators believe" - which media commentators?) and peacock terms ("it is important to note" - it's best not to say this, and people will remove this sort of thing on sight if you add it).
The problem for Wikipedia has been:
a. cranks adding material: for instance, see <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetherometry" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aetherometry</a> They strongly objected when material was added that debunked their views. I should note that we didn't actually debunk their views, we just noted what was said about them and any factual errors they have made. Their response is here: <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://www.aetherometry.com/antiwikipedia/" target="_newWindow">http://www.aetherometry.com/antiwikipedia/</a>
b. volume of edits: the volume of edits is phenomenal. While our volunteers have been very good at catching most vandalism, we literally have thousands of edits a day. Some of the vandalism slips through. There is currently a proposal to create a stable version. This should not mean that content would be locked down - as incorrectly reported in the UK's The Guardian! (a good example of how other sources can get material wrong also - and why you should always keep a skeptical mindset) - instead, we would have a revision that is either excellent quality or reasonably accurate and that we lock down. I see it as a baseline revision of the article that we can compare the current version against, and it stops sneaky vandalism. Whether teh proposal happens or not is under debate at the moment. For more info, see <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stable_versions" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Stable_versions</a>
c. Nasty people. That person who wrote John Seigenthaler Sr was never endorsed by Wikipedia. A lot of us feel VERY badly for John that this happened. An administrator removed the comments - ridiculous as they were - from the edit history. The problem here is not with Wikipedia, however. The problem is with the person who wrote the material. Under American law, I understand that cable records can be subpoenaed by a Federal Agency. Perhaps this should happen, and then have civil action taken against those people.
Overall, I do believe that criticisms need to be taken into account and we need to change some things on the site. However, to say that we are "dumbing down" concepts is, to be frank, ridiculous. I see no evidence that we are dumbing down anything!
Scholarship requires:
1. Sources
2. Intelligent commentary
3. Analysis
Most Wikipedia articles do this very well. Perhaps a good example of this would be <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler</a> or <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Israeli_conflict" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Israeli_conflict</a>
If you would like to see other high quality articles, may I suggest reviewing the featured article page? this can be found at <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles</a>
TBSDY
Once upon a time /"human-edited" meant "good." / NOTE: "Directories."
Humans can't keep up. / Not a volunteer army. / Too much data flow.
Microsoft tested / Looksmart directory links ... / Lowered search quality.
Even ODP ... / Google "did the math" with that. / Too much junk data.)
BUT lately observe / Google - Wikipedia / How links are valued.
That too's a mistake. / There's not enough editors / to "guarantee" facts.
Only the obsessed / will "eagerly" "protect truth" / Who else has the time?
AS LONG AS GOOGLE / remembers "human failings" / there is no problem.
THE BOTTOM LINE: / Wikipedia's human. / Google should not be.
{smile}BOKE / www.boke.com
On every article, add a button that says - "Looks ok to me" and another one that says "I see issues here".
All registered users can click either button.
The results of this voting mean that each article can have a confidence indicator attached to it.
10 OKs and 5 Issues would give a 66% confident rating.
If there are no edits since those people voted, then each vote gets a full weight of 1.
The value of votes degrades with edits. If you add information to the article, the vote weights only degrade a little. If you delete information, the value of past votes degrades quickly.
If a user finds an article with 100 votes and a 95 percent confidence rating, they know they can likely trust the article.
If users vote "I see issues with this article", they should be sent to a second page asking them to participate and fix the issues. If they do, they can change their vote to one of confidence.
It would be important to allow each user to have only one vote on an article, but to be able to change that vote as the article evolves. Something like "You voted OK, do you want to change that vote?"
For more - please see www.innovationcreators.com
The allegation Seigenthaler complained about is noteworthy, that he was connected to assassinations. Maybe one should recall Oliver Stone's contention that GHW Bush, while in the CIA, was connected to JFK's assassination. Is THAT in Wikipedia? Or was the allegation against Seigenthaler really a rightwing liar's attempt to smear a close friend of both Kennedys and perhaps try to obscure who may have really been involved? Then there was the suggestion that JFK had himself bumped off because he was dying of kidney disease and preferred a dramatic exit to wasting away in a hospital room.
Wikipedia has no staff of top-notch real experts to evaluate postings. And it would be better to rely on contributions of scholarly experts instead of amateurs.
<a class="jive-link-external" href="http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-September/022164.html" target="_newWindow">http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-September/022164.html</a>
See the whole thread to see how some active Wikipedians responded at the time:
<a class="jive-link-external" href="http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-September/thread.html#22164" target="_newWindow">http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-September/thread.html#22164</a>
and.
"...which has strict controls and is monitored by a handful of people who make the call on what is handed over to the public..."
Wrong again. While that may be Linux's model, there are many that consist of essentially a party of one (look at WebCalendar) and others where community rules (See TikiWiki).
Last point - You make the assertion that Wikipedia is an open source project. They call themselves "Wikipedia is a free-content encyclopedia" and release their content under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Seems like you've written a straw man and tried to knock it over.
I've also written about technical topics such as <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDAC" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDAC</a> and <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_2000" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_2000</a> We also have some off the wall articles you'd never read about in a normal encyclopedia, such as <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding_whale" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding_whale</a>
I feel that it is a fine effort. I really feel that people should be checking the sources of the article, however. That is what I do when I check an article: I check the notes and references section. I also check the external links section. I would never use Wikipedia as a citable reference in a paper, however I would use the material to:
a. gain a general background to a topic, and
b. find sources so that I can research further.
TBSDY
"Wikipedia has no staff of top-notch real experts to evaluate postings."
Firstly, let's nail the whole "staff" thing on the head. The staff arer the contributors.
Secondly, what do you mean by "top-notch experts"? How do you define an expert? While I agree that a process of review by experts would be great (I'm thinking of setting up a site that analyeses Wikipedia content for accuracy - still to work out how to do this!) I feel that how good the information in Wikipedia is should not be determined because you are an "expert", but because the material is good an follows mandatory site policies, such as:
* Neutrality,
* Lack of originality (we shouldn't make stuff up),
* Accuracy, and
* Reliable sources.
The other thing is that this was already tried with Nupedia. It didn't work because non-experts couldn't get their material in: the barrier was too high!
With Wikipedia, good articles are usually created like this:
1. Create the article
2. Research further and keep writing. Eventually a structure to the article is found. Sources are provided.
3. The article is placed on peer review (this is NOT like an academic Peer Review - it's more like a "does this make sense, can you see any issues I need to fix?")
4. Article is improved if necessary
5. Article is submitted to <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:FAC" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:FAC</a> (Featured Article Candidates)
6. The article is torn to pieces on the FAC page! All objections on this page must be actionable. FAC articles must satisfy the following criteria:
<a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_a_featured_article" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_a_featured_article</a>
The problem with wanting credentially experts to write all your material is two-fold:
1. Experts have biases. This would cause its own problems on Wikipedia, as experts may try to censor dissenting viewpoints to their own, and
2. Nupedia followed this model, and it never took off. Jimmy Wales suck $500,000 into this project and in 2 months they got 12 articles. Hardly awe-inspiring.
However, please note I'm not saying that credentialled experts don't have a place. I would LOVE IT if tehy would review our FA articles! It would be a real boon for Wikipedia. I just don't think that the contributions must ALWAYS come from credentialed experts. Besides, who are you going to get to write about MDAC? What sort of credentials would you need? Do you see the slippery slope you are going down here?
TBSDY
[1] <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://news.com.com/5208-1038-0.html?forumID=1&threadID=12207&messageID=93323" target="_newWindow">http://news.com.com/5208-1038-0.html?forumID=1&threadID=12207&messageID=93323</a>
[2] <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/30/142458/25" target="_newWindow">http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/30/142458/25</a>
[3] <a class="jive-link-external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Anti-elitism" target="_newWindow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Anti-elitism</a>
Double-check for political, religious or philosophical views, and clicking [Discussion] or [History] usually helps. I find it very useful than any other online or *hard-copy* encyclopediae, and it's usually my starting point when I do my Engineering research. I usually don't have to cross-reference any material and most articles are already referenced anyway.
Furthermore, I would hope that Wikipedia pages would provide more links to authoritative sources of information to prevent error and bias.
-Jonathan
<a class="jive-link-external" href="http://philoneist.com" target="_newWindow">http://philoneist.com</a>
Unfortunate for folks who haven't been granted a credit card yet or who have moral or other reservations about using them. Maybe we should ditch that idea.
There's a lot of flexibility in the Wikipedia system in terms of how authentication could be provided. Lets' not get too hung up about one system for all purposes.
Just came from tooxta.com - aims to produce a bestseller with the help of companies who are hungry for publicity... This is what the internet has brought on us!
It's not until the second page, in the sixth paragraph, that there's anything useful to contribute to the discussion. Up to that point, the tone is negative and paints a derogatory picture of Wikipedia by hammering on the "Wikipedia isn't Open Source" idea, repeating hyperbole seen elsewhere on the Web.
In that paragraph you say:
...So in effect, there is no final version of
a Wikipedia entry. They're more like living
documents, always subject to change. Does that
mean Wikipedia is always wrong? Not at all.
But it does mean readers should be cautious.
"But it does mean readers should be cautious." These words cut to the heart of the matter and should be the essence of what we say about Wikipedia. Everything else is FUD -- or frivolous. Sure, mistakes have been made. Sure, there are errors and personal agendas. Sure, there are problems. But at the same time, the majority of the content seems to be accurate. It's a new, growing and unique form of media. It's not the Encyclopedia Britannica (though the moniker would naturally lead one to make this connection).
I'd love to see the Wikipedia rhetoric on the Web slow down a bit and start explaining to people the *facts* about Wikipedia, rather than stirring up FUD about the site.
Comparing Wikipedia to Open Source software development doesn't help. The article admits that Wales (the founder) dislikes the term "Open Source" when applied to Wikipedia. By definition, doesn't this make the comparison, and this point of contention, moot? What's gained by saying that Wikipedia isn't really Open Source? Does it help us understand Wikipedia better? Does it give us new insights with which to judge the validity or value of Wikipedia? Or is it a spurious comparison that contributes nothing to understanding the issues at hand?
Here are the facts about Wikipedia:
1. It's a community-supported repository of knowledge.
2. Contributors can be anyone, from topic experts to non-experts, to vandals.
3. The contributors are human, with human strengths -- and human frailties.
4. The content is not refereed, though most contributors try to be as accurate as they can be.
5. The content, while it may be very useful, should not be treated as the End All, Be All, Final Source for any topic. It should be used, as with *any* research source (even the Encyclopedia Britannica) as one source among many, all of which are cross-checked for agreement and consistency.
6. There are nearly 900,000 articles (that's a lot of information)
7. Use common sense when reading Wikipedia.
This article would have served the public better by focusing on that one sentence ("But it does mean readers should be cautious."), expanding upon it and explaining the value, and pitfalls, of this resource. Comparing Wikipedia to Open Source software development contributes nothing of substance to the debate.
I believe in the quality of the information that you are adding to Wikipedia, not the expert who wrote it. Being an "expert" only says that the information MIGHT be more reliable. I would STILL need to check their sources.
TBSDY