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July 22, 2004 4:00 AM PDT

Perspective: The keyboards of tomorrow?

By Michael Kanellos

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The keyboards of tomorrow?
Can computer users adapt to new types of keyboards?

]/$!@<$![, yes.

This translates to: Sometimes, yes. I'm testing out a FrogPad, a one-handed keyboard, and I accidentally locked the Symbol key, which shifts the input of all the other keys.

The FrogPad is one of a small number of alternative input devices that retrofit keyboards for a world on the go. The 20-key gadget is about the size and shape of a hand. Soon it will come with a clamshell case that will let people plug in a smart phone and use the whole kit like a mini laptop.

Although the keyboard is smaller than traditional models, the keys measure the same--19 millimeters across. "That's for the big American SUV hand," said Linda Marroquin, FrogPad's chief executive. "We want to do everything with one hand. How are you going to do that with 104 keys?"

History has shown that few people will relearn typing skills for the sake of efficiency.

Another device maker, Canesta, has begun to ship the components for its virtual keyboard to handset manufacturers. The device uses a laser image of a full-size keyboard that translates finger movements into keystrokes.

"They have the technology, but they haven't decided what do yet," a Canesta representative said.

The traditional Qwerty keyboard has been under attack for years, mostly by conspiracy theorists who claim that it was foisted on an unsuspecting public by a cabal of 19th-century typesetters.

Mouse inventor Doug Engelbart came up with a variety of multikey input devices that, according to studies, could increase speed and foster collaboration between individuals. History, however, has shown that few people will relearn typing skills for the sake of efficiency.

These keyboard companies are not interested in philosophy, but rather physical space. The growing popularity of intelligent handhelds and even devices such as the iPod mean that many individuals now carry the equivalent of a 1998-era desktop (or desktop drive) in their pocket.

A move toward miniaturization began with the personal digital assistant. Foldable versions of full-size keyboards for PDAs fizzled. Consumers, however, readily adapted to the tiny keys and thumb-typing style of the BlackBerry and Treo 600.

Although it's difficult to say whether these newer devices can hope to rival BlackBerry-style keyboards, the engineering is pretty interesting.

The FrogPad consists of 15 keys that represent letters, numbers and punctuation marks, plus four keys that alternate the symbols for each key--and a Shift key for capitals. The keyboard can also handle page navigation.

Hitting the E key produces an "e," as you might expect. But in combination with other keys, it can type a "z" (E plus Space), an exclamation point (E plus Symbol), a percent symbol (lock the Symbol key and hit E plus Space), the number 6 (E plus Number) or perform the CRTL function (lock the Number key and do a "z").

Key combinations, or chords, are possible, because "the computer doesn't receive the data until you release the key," Marroquin explained. In traditional keyboards, data goes in on the down stroke, which makes chords difficult to process.

The FrogPad's main design feature is that it plays off the natural strength of the human hand. The most common word in English--"the"--is typed by drumming the three middle fingers of your hand. Typing "then" involves dropping the middle finger to hit N. The vowels can all be hit by the index finger, the strongest finger on the hand.

Kenzo Tsubai, co-founder of FrogPad, came up with the concept in the mid-1990s, while he was working as a Japanese-English comic book translator. He needed to hold copy in one hand and type with the other. At the time, Marroquin represented telecommunications carriers in Latin America, a job that saw her undergo a temporary kidnapping in Colombia. (Local hoods grabbed her at the Bogota airport, but when they realized that they had the wrong person, they dropped her back by her luggage). She knew Tsubai's wife and began the process of commercializing his keypad concept.

Initially, the FrogPad is not easy to pick up. The natural inclination is to search for letters by Qwerty, which takes time to unlearn.

The function keys also present a coordination challenge, as the urge is to hit all the necessary keys simultaneously. A capital "L," for example, requires hits on the H key, the Shift key and the space bar. All the chords make you think you're learning to play Deep Purple's "Smoke on the water."

Learning how to lock the function keys gets rid of extra finger movement. The Shift key is also sequential: You hit it and release it, and then the next character is capitalized.

In the end, at any one moment, you are only using a single finger or a finger/thumb chord--the same opposable-thumb, pinching motion that gave us primates the edge over the rodents.

By contrast, Canesta's keyboard takes no new gyrations to learn. Instead, people have to get beyond the lack of keys. As with the FrogPad, they generally stare at their fingers for a while. But on the plus side, it's made of light--so not many crumbs will get caught in it.

Biography
Michael Kanellos is editor at large at CNET News.com, where he covers hardware, research and development, start-ups and the tech industry overseas. He has worked as an attorney, travel writer and sidewalk hawker for a time share resort, among other occupations.

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How fast?
by dmm July 22, 2004 8:41 AM PDT
Sounds nifty, but the big question is: how fast can you type?
Second big question is: Since you're only using one hand now for everything, might this not be more likely to cause repetitive stress injury?
Third big question is: Since you only need one hand, are we now going to have idiots trying to drive and type at the same time?
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Doesn't matter what the keyboard organization is.
by Steve Jordan July 22, 2004 9:37 AM PDT
Having used QWERTY, ABCDE, FITALY, mini-keyboards, and handheld on-screen keyboards for years, I've realized it doesn't matter how the keyboard is organized, or even how large or small it is... spend enough time working with it, and it will become second nature. (I can tap-type on a handheld faster than I can print.) If only engineers were having as much success with voice-reco, so we wouldn't need the keyboards in the first place...
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Neat concept, but doomed to failure
by LANjackal July 22, 2004 10:04 AM PDT
Great product. Too bad it'll have to face off against one of the most ingrained traits of any computer user to be successful: QWERTY touch-typing. Doomed to the trash heap or niche mobile use.
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maybe not so doomed
by July 27, 2004 10:08 PM PDT
One hand keyboards aren't really about the desktop. They're about wearable (i.e., usable by pedestrians) computers.
Good point
by July 22, 2004 10:08 AM PDT
But one really has to wonder what are the benefits of having one hand free. Like he said, are they going to try and drive and type at the same time? Try this... do a math problem with your left hand and simultaniously a completely different math problem with the right. The human brain can really only concentrate on one thing at a time with things that require any thought. The only real application I can see from this is for people with only one hand and those interested in surfing porn alot.
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Point & type ?
by July 22, 2004 10:58 AM PDT
Others have asked what useful function there is in typing with only one hand. I edit a lot of text, where I am adding and deleting text AFTER I have pointed to it with a mouse. I would very much like an arrangement where I point with one hand and type with the other. To me, that is just obviously better ergonomics.

As to repetitive stress injuries, I don't care how well the device is thought through, if a person insists on doing a particular task for over 10 hrs straight with almost no breaks, that person will inevitably have repetitive stress problems. I don't think that is the fault of the device, that is the fault of the person using the device. The only thing the designer of the device CAN do is make the device as comfortable as possible for reasonable use.
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Too much money and Trouble
by July 22, 2004 11:55 AM PDT
It might be a nice keyboard, but after reviewing them on their website, i could get 3 nice standard keyboards for the price and hassle of one of theirs.. I also think that keyboards in general should make way to better touch-screen and voice software/hardware.
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Type w/ gloves
by techvisor July 22, 2004 8:50 PM PDT
Millions can't touch-type and don't want to because qwerty?s layout doesn't make sense. Originally designed after a typesetters case and marketing (Remington wanted "typewriter" on the top keys for salesmen), it wasn?t designed for touch-typing. What if you could type with gloves? You could find the most comfort and even be mobile. in10did.com is another new way to type. Ten keys, each one a shift lets you type w/ one hand or two.
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Clicktext text input from Phonality
by July 23, 2004 8:28 AM PDT
It's a tough nut to crack. One other alternative is Clicktext text input from Phonality. It uses six (alternatively eight) keys. Each letter requires a combination of two consecutive key presses. The keys are labeled (^, v, <, > -, |)such that the written form of each letter is approximated by its key combination. With a little practice, you can do no-look touch typing just as with QWERTY. Mail info@phonality.com
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FrogPad
by FrogPad July 23, 2004 10:49 AM PDT
FrogPad's real home run is the portable wireless internet market. Integrate a Bluetooth FrogPad to your PDA or SmartPhone. The ergonomic elements of FrogPad are clear, think of your body posture then you have to have two hands on your desk. And of course the masses who use a Qwerty may or may not swing over to FrogPad, yet we have identified the global market for an alternative such as FrogPad, and it is substantial. Think of Froggie just a a choice.
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