Webware

Mozilla released Firefox 3.5.7 and 3.0.17 on Tuesday to fix a common crash problem and the lack of a prominent suggestion to upgrade.

Firefox is supposed to prominently tell people when a major upgrade is available, but Mozilla was puzzled by recent data suggesting that fewer-than-expected people actually installed the new version, according to a bug report.

"What's happening is that users who do not leave their browser open for 12 hours...will never see the major update dialog, only a little notification slider," Mike Beltzner, Mozilla's director of Firefox, said in a December comment.

He wasn't happy that the earlier process didn't work as he'd expected, but saw a silver lining to the change: "We need to fix this immediately on all branches. Added bonus: we're about to goose our Firefox 3.5 numbers!"

The programmers also fixed a high-priority problem that was causing Firefox to crash. Both changes also were made in the 3.0.17 update, Mozilla said.

Mozilla is trying to move to a faster Firefox release cycle, but it's not easy. Mozilla released a fifth Firefox 3.6 beta in December, but missed its deadline to release the final version of Firefox 3.6 in 2009.

After 3.6, Mozilla had been planning to move its next attentions to a range of significant changes for Firefox 3.7, but now is considering a quick fix to Firefox 3.6 called Lorentz that would more quickly build in a significant feature that separates the running of plug-ins, notably Adobe Systems' near-ubiquitous Flash, into a separate computing process. Mozilla expects the change to make the browser less crash-prone, since crashing Flash applications at present bring down the whole browser.

Mike Shaver, Mozilla's vice president of engineering, wouldn't commit to the Lorentz plan in an interview Monday, but expressed some enthusiasm: "I'm in favor of getting Flash-crash immunity to users ASAP," he said.

Firefox 3.5.7 can be downloaded for Windows and Mac from CNET Download.com.

Update at 7:51 a.m. PST: The first Firefox 3.6 release candidate--the version that means the final version may be ready or nearly ready--could arrive this week.

"Just wanted to follow up to let everyone know that after months of development, we've started...Firefox 3.6 Release Candidate builds. We're pretty excited," Beltzner said Tuesday in a mailing list posting.

In meeting notes also published Tuesday, Mozilla said it is "hoping to ship [the release candidate] to our beta audience on Friday of this week." Mozilla has rounded up 800,000 testers so far for the Firefox 3.6 beta.

Mozilla is building a number of features into the upcoming Firefox 3.7 browser--but the organization now has begun stewing over whether to introduce some of them in a significant update, as planned, or to rewrite some sooner for a variation of the current browser.

Programmer Benjamin Smedberg proposed the retrofit approach with a version called Lorentz on a Mozilla mailing list in late December. In the resulting discussion, developers and observers weighed the tactical advantages to each approach and wondered whether the quickening pace of Firefox development is ill-suited to browser users among businesses.

Firefox is based on a browser engine project called Gecko. The nearly complete (but somewhat tardy) Firefox 3.6 is built on Gecko 1.9.2, and Firefox 3.7 is set to use Gecko 1.9.3. The question afoot is whether to "backport" significant Gecko 1.9.3 features to 1.9.2 and release the new Lorentz version of Firefox based on it.

"With the [Lorentz] project branch, I believe we could go to beta in the middle of January and release in late March/early April," Smedberg said. In contrast, "doing a release from Mozilla-Central/1.9.3 presents a lot of schedule risk without matching reward."

One design change in question is the implementation of out-of-process plug-ins, which would move plug-ins such as Adobe Systems' Flash to a separate computing process--and a project in which Smedberg is involved. The work, the first phase of a Mozilla project called Electrolysis, is expected to improve stability; many browser crashes are the result of problems with Flash programs. Another feature he'd like is a less disruptive browser update process--a particularly relevant technology, given Mozilla's attempt to move to a more frequent release cycle.

Some at Mozilla would like to see a few new features added to the nearly final Firefox 3.6 rather than wait for a later, more substantial update.

(Credit: Mozilla)

Chris Blizzard, who runs Mozilla's developer relations, sounded supportive of the Lorentz plan in a mailing-list message. He added some features he'd like to implemented sooner rather than later, including faster Direct2D-based graphics for Windows machines, CSS transitions that can add pizazz to some graphic elements, and Web Sockets for communication between a browser and a server.

But, he added, delay is a risk of new features. "We need to make sure this train doesn't get too big, though, or it will stretch out into a pretty long release," Blizzard said. Indeed, that's what happened with Firefox 3.5, which began as a quick 3.1 update but arrived months later, as more features were added.

Added L. David Baron, "I have bad feelings about this plan, based on the last time we did this: Firefox 2.0 sucked resources away from the trunk [the development of new version of Gecko] and allowed it to become extremely unstable, and it look a long time to get things back together for Firefox 3."

Eventually, the Mozilla mailing-list discussion turned to how well corporate users are able to deal with a fast development cycle.

"The nature of the Web doesn't really lend itself to long-lived stable browser branches, IMHO," programmer Robert O'Callahan said. "A lot of the security issues we discover in the Web itself require proactive security measures such as UI [user interface] and architectural changes that one normally wouldn't apply to a 'stable branch.'"

John J. Barton, an IBM programmer involved with the Firebug extension to Firefox to aid Web developers, made the case for relatively rapid changes.

"IBM and our customers are all moving to faster development cycles," Barton wrote. "That's why I urge [the] Firefox team to continue to lead in that direction."

In its 15th month of public existence, Google's Chrome browser surpassed Safari for share of worldwide usage in December.

Chrome jumped from 3.9 percent to 4.6 percent of usage, according to statistics that analytics firm Net Applications publishes based on the 160 million monthly visitors to the network of Web sites using its services. Safari increased from 4.4 percent to 4.5 percent.

Chrome passes Safari for third place in browser usage in December.

(Credit: Net Applications)

Chrome's jump came as Google released the first beta version of its browser for Mac OS X and Linux computers. Previously only a developer-preview version was available.

As of last month, Google had been scheduled to graduate the Chrome 4.0 beta version to "stable" on January 12, but mention of that release date has now been removed from the Chromium development calendar. One possible hitch: the Mac beta version and the present Mac developer-preview version don't yet support one key feature of the newer 4.0 incarnation of Chrome: extensions. That means the feature, which lets people customize what the browser can do to some extent, has yet to receive widespread testing on Mac OS X machines.

Also according to Net Applications' statistics, Microsoft's Internet Explorer continued its steady slide, dropping from 63.6 percent to 62.7 percent usage. Most of IE's share loss has been picked up by No. 2 Firefox, but that open-source browser slipped from 24.7 percent to 24.6 percent from November to December.

Better news for Microsoft, and for Web developers who loathe supporting the IE 6 browser first released in 2001: IE 8 has almost edged the older browser aside as the top browser version in use.

IE 8 rose in usage from 19.3 percent to 20.9 percent from November to December, while IE 6 dropped from 22.1 percent to 21 percent.

After crushing Netscape in the first browser wars of the 1990s, Microsoft grew complacent. But the arrival of Firefox and growing usage of other browsers has re-energized the Internet Explorer team.

Mozilla won't make a 2009 deadline for releasing Firefox 3.6 and is giving itself more time to complete a major update, version 4.0.

The organization behind the open-source Web browser had predicted a final release of Firefox 3.6 in December 2009, but the Mozilla Web site now includes "ship Firefox 3.6" as a goal for the first quarter of 2010.

In addition, Firefox 4.0, which had been due in 2010, now is "aimed at late 2010 or early 2011," with a beta due in the summer of 2010, according to Mozilla.

Schedule delays are common in the software world, but browser development is furious these days with the arrival of Google's Chrome into the market, Apple helping to expand the frontiers of what the browser can do, Opera trying to dramatically speed up JavaScript execution and display performance, and Microsoft getting more ambitious again with Internet Explorer. "We've always been more quality-driven than time-driven, but we understand timing in the market matters to our users and our competitiveness," said Mike Shaver, Mozilla's vice president of engineering, in an October interview.

This past year felt like a rebuilding year for Firefox add-ons, with two new frameworks implemented to help guide the future of extensions. Personas gave Firefox on-the-fly theme-switching, and users can expect it to be part of the stable version of Firefox 3.6 when that gets released. Jetpack takes a similarly-minded approach to feature add-ons, allowing programmers to create feature-rich add-ons from little more than HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Expect JetPack to eventually be part of Firefox by default.

In no particular order, here are eight other of our favorites:

Weave Sync gets added to your Options menu.

(Credit: Screenshot by Seth Rosenblatt/CNET)

Weave Sync is another project from Mozilla Labs, although it's not as clear whether it will eventually end up in Firefox as a default feature. This homegrown tool for synchronizing Firefox across computers and devices introduces incremental syncing and a more-streamlined, less-obtrusive experience, fitting in smoothly in your Options pane. Although it still conflicts with some extensions, including the massively popular and arguably more essential AdBlock Plus, in general it works well and brings a long-missing feature to Firefox.

Multi Links is simple in purpose, but so effective that it's one of the best add-ons of the year. Right-click in a browser tab and drag it, highlighting multiple links in the box. By default, selected links open up in new browser tabs, although you can go into the options to choose whether you want them to open up in new windows, or be bookmarked instead. You're also able to change the color scheme of the box, and the outlines of the selected links, just in case you're into that sort of thing.

Originally known as SmarterFox, FastestFox is a multitasking fiend that helps make searching, pasting, surfing, and downloading faster. Highlight a word or phrase on the Web page and FastestFox will display a bubble filled with search engine icons. After a few seconds of inactivity, the search bubble fades away. The add-on automatically merges linked pages into one, which some users prefer for reading long articles, and it also allows you to check other search engines from any single engine's results page.

Users with WebReview installed can see a slew of links when they load up their browser, including their most visited pages, along with suggestions of what they should read based on past browsing history.

(Credit: WebReview)

Whether you're looking for an unobtrusive panic button, or your just need to clear your screen of those 153 tabs for moment, HideTab can help you out. You can hide all of them at once, or merely one--just don't forget that the hidden tabs are still running in the background.

WebReview makes your start page smarter and more suggestive based on past browsing habits. It's a bit like the Speed Dial feature in Opera, Chrome's new tab page, or Top Sites in Safari, but Firefoxified. It tells you the last batch of tabs you had open, along with most visited pages. But it also shows you a group of sites you visit daily, along with a suggestion of sites you may be interested in going to. It sorts these out by what day it is, along with the time.

WebReview also offers a replacement history tracker, allowing you to search by domain or number of visits. Sites in the WebReview history come with thumbnail previews. Lastly, there's a Graph View, showing the breadcrumb trail of how you went from site to site for that entire session. You can also go back to specific days and see a large graph for the entire day. It's visually appealing and exploratory at the same time.

FastestFox can be a bit of overkill, and one of our favorite features from it is available separately. PageZipper takes stories split over multiple pages and "zips" them into one. It's a bit wonky, and doesn't play nicely with Flash- or JavaScript-based photos, but in general works well. It's also designed to be inoffensive to publishers, who often have legitimate reasons for splitting content into multiple pages. The "zipping" loads the next page in full below, including ads, so their potential revenue goes unharmed. The reader, on the other hand, benefits from significantly less stop-and-go clicking.

Tiny red balls tell you how you got from looking at video game descriptions to the molecular makeup of precious metals.

(Credit: Screenshot by Josh Lowensohn/CNET)

Wikipedia Diver hooks deep into your Wikipedia browsing to provide a fascinating look at what you've been researching. It organizes your Wiki searches down to the day, order, and session in which you visited the sites, making it easy to revisit old entries. Fortunately, all this data is kept on your local computer and not in the cloud, so there are no privacy issues. The reasonable offshoot of that is that it doesn't track external links you click on from within a Wikipedia article, but that's a small price to pay.

I use URL Tooltip in conjunction with several other, not-new-in-'09 add-ons to maximize my screen real estate when browsing. URL Tooltip is new this year, and is quite savvy for those with larger monitors. It reveals a link's full URL as a mouse-over tool tip, thus allowing you to hide your status bar at the bottom of Firefox if you've got nothing else in it. Along with Personal Menu and the Stop-or-Reload Button, and removing the search bar, I've been able to see more of what I want to be looking at on my screen when browsing.

Have a suggestion for the best new Firefox add-on of 2009? Or think I just got it all wrong? Tell me about it in the comments below.

Mozilla, racing to release Firefox 3.6 by the end of the year, issued a fifth, and likely final, beta version of the new browser.

The open-source browser backer announced the new Firefox beta (download for Windows and Mac OS X) in a blog announcement Thursday.

Firefox 3.6 builds in a feature called Personas for customizing the browser's appearance, adds the File interface for better file management such as selecting what to upload, and, my personal favorite, placement of new tabs next to the ones that spawned them.

A total of 127 bugs were fixed since the fourth beta, but this time Mozilla didn't announce any new features. The first Firefox 3.6 beta arrived in October.

Mozilla had considered issuing its first Firefox 3.6 release candidate this week: "If we can go to build today or tomorrow, QA [quality assurance] will scrap Beta 5 and we'll release RC to the beta audience ASAP," the Mozilla meeting notes said.

This WebGL demo shows 3D Collada files--in this case a Spore video game creature.

(Credit: Screenshot by Stephen Shankland/CNET)

If you want to see the scale of browser makers' ambition to remake not just the Web but computing itself, look no farther than a new 3D technology called WebGL.

The WebGL vision is simple. You're running around in a video game universe, blasting radioactive aliens--but you got there by visiting a Web site, not by installing the game on your PC.

This sort of computationally demanding chore contrasts sharply to with today's Web, whose top-notch programmers strain to reproduce bare-bones versions of the rich capabilities open to applications running natively on a computer.

WebGL, while only a nascent attempt to catch up, is real. WebGL now is a draft standard for bringing hardware-accelerated 3D graphics to the Web. It got its start with Firefox backer Mozilla and the Khronos Group, which oversees the OpenGL graphics interface, but now the programmers behind browsers from Apple, Google, and Opera Software are also involved.

Perhaps more significant than formal standards work, though, is WebGL support in three precursors of today's browsers--Minefield for Mozilla's Firefox, WebKit for Apple's Safari, and Chromium for Google's Chrome. Opera has started implementing WebGL, too, said Tim Johansson, Opera's lead graphics developer.

With a little tinkering--check the instructions and caveats below--you can give it a whirl, too. Overall, I was favorably impressed with the technology.

Its performance certainly isn't enough for a competitive first-person shooter, but it's approaching utility for casual gaming. And because of how WebGL elements can be integrated with the rest of a Web site's code, it's got some advantages.

What is WebGL?
WebGL is one of a handful of efforts under way to boost the processing power available to Web applications. It marries two existing technologies.

First is JavaScript, the programming language widely used to give Web pages intelligence and interactivity. Although JavaScript performance is improving relatively quickly these days in many browsers, programs written in the language are relatively pokey and limited compared with those that run natively on a computer.

Mozilla has updated its Firefox browser to patch three critical security holes.

Firefox 3.5.6 and 3.0.16 both fix earlier memory corruption issues. "We presume that with enough effort at least some of these could be exploited to run arbitrary code," the security advisory said.

In addition, the earlier version of Firefox 3.5 had two critical vulnerabilities in its technology for playing Ogg-format media, one with the liboggplay media library and one with the libtheora video library.

The patches are among 62 fixes in the new Firefox, software that's translated into dozens of languages and runs on multiple operating systems. Users of the OS/2 operating system will be delighted to know that problems with Firefox's full-screen mode and with print preview have been resolved.

"We strongly recommend that all Firefox users upgrade to this latest release," Mozilla said in a blog posting. By default, Firefox downloads updates automatically then prompts users to restart when it's ready; updates also can be retrieved through the "check for updates" menu option.

Mozilla plans to cease supporting Firefox 3.0 in January. Meanwhile, a significant update, Firefox 3.6, is due by the end of the year.

Correction 1:23 p.m. PST December 17: This story was corrected to note that it was the earlier versions of Firefox that suffered the vulnerabilities.

There's no reason to take the Web as it comes. Not when there are Firefox add-ons that turn Web pages into putty that you can shape as you wish. These three--Zotero, MashLogic, and RSVP Reader--let you gather and store all or parts of Web pages, open a customizable info box for whatever topics you encounter, and convert a block of text into a string of phrases that flash in a box at a speed you control.

Turn your favorite pages into collections
A few days ago, I wrote about three add-ons that go bookmarks one better by letting you customize the Web pages you save. Zotero is like bookmarks cubed. Not only can you save text, images, or entire pages, you can annotate and categorize the information for easy retrieval.

My only complaint is that the Zotero window takes up half the screen and can't be resized. Fortunately, it's easy to close the window to get a full view of your browser. To reopen the window, click the Zotero button in the bottom-right corner of the screen.

Save all or parts of Web pages and categorize the content with the Zotero Firefox add-on.

(Credit: Zotero)

Zotero's capabilities go far beyond collecting and tagging Web pages. It's designed for researchers and lets them attach files and notes to items, take a snapshot of the page, and add bibliographic references. All entries are time- and date-stamped, and you can even open a mini-text-editing window. I sure wish I had one of these when I was a student.

Add-on lets custom search tag along
If you can get past the tiny blue dots the MashLogic add-on places below text and links, the add-on comes in handy. Hover over the dotted item and a small window pops up with information about the item from the sources you specify.

The MashLogic Firefox add-on opens an info box with customizable content related to the item.

(Credit: MashLogic)

Click the MashLogic icon that appears to the left of the address bar to select the sources supplying the add-on's information. Your choices include Wikipedia, New York Times, Twitter, Yelp, and Guardian UK, as well as such categories as movies, books, music, shopping, and news and feeds. You can also suspend the dots for all sites or disable them for the site you're currently on.

Convert a page's text into a video stream
I was hoping to report how much faster I plowed through Web text with the RSVP Reader add-on, but I just couldn't get used to reading words as they flashed in a small box one, two, and three at a time. I still get a kick out of the novelty of a page's text appearing in bits and pieces.

RSVP Reader appears as a toolbar with buttons for making the text larger or smaller, and positioning the text in the box. In addition to the standard Play, Pause, Stop, and Rewind, buttons, you get buttons to speed up or slow down the text playback.

See a page's text by the word or phrase at your choice of playback speed with the RSVP Reader Firefox add-on.

(Credit: RSVP Reader)

I tried reading several text-heavy pages with different types of content (news, literature, even poetry) with RSVP Reader and the old-fashioned way, and even after experimenting with different text-playback rates, it didn't feel like I was going through the material faster the flashing-text-box way. I was disappointed that I couldn't reposition the text box, which is at the far right of the toolbar. But the add-on does offer a totally different way to browse.