Today, "peer to peer" is inextricably linked to a variety of techniques for P2P file-sharing, whereby the recipients of a large file supply chunks of data to other recipients.
This distributes the load compared with everyone downloading a file from some central. For this and other reasons, P2P networks have proven popular for sharing MP3 music files although they're suitable for distributing any sizable digital content; for example, one also sees P2P employed to distribute Linux distributions, which can run into the gigabytes.
However, a few weeks ago I attended MIT Technology Review's Emerging Technologies Conference and attended a session where I was reminded that another "P2P" was once the subject of great buzz.
At the Fall 2000 Intel Developer Forum, outgoing Intel CEO Craig Barrett called peer-to-peer computing a "." And he wasn't talking about file sharing.
Pat Gelsinger, who was Intel's CTO at the time, was even more enthusiastic in his keynote:
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