Wireless

A new version of Bluetooth has been revealed by the industry group behind the wireless technology, which is targeting low-energy applications in the health care, fitness, and security markets.

The Bluetooth Special Interest Group announced the adoption of Bluetooth Core Specification version 4.0 on Thursday. The new iteration follows the speed-centric version 3.0 of the Bluetooth specification by just 10 months, but the two versions are intended for different use cases.

"With today's announcement, the race is on for product designers to be the first to market," Bluetooth SIG chief Michael Foley said in a statement. "Bluetooth low-energy modules for all sorts of new products may now be qualified--this is an important step towards our goal of enabling new markets with Bluetooth wireless technology."

Read more of "Bluetooth 4.0 goes low-power for sensors" from ZDNet UK.

WASHINGTON--The wireless and TV broadcasting industries faced off for the first time at a congressional subcommittee meeting on the Hill on Tuesday, setting in motion what could be a long drawn out battle over whether wireless spectrum should be reallocated and where the government will get this new spectrum.

Steve Largent, president and CEO of CTIA, the wireless industry group, and Gordon Smith of the National Association of Broadcasters, were among the witnesses gathered before the House Energy and Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Communications, Technology and the Internet to discuss what the CTIA and the Federal Communications Commission have called a looming spectrum crisis.

CTIA and FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski have said that finding new spectrum as well as new ways to use existing spectrum more efficiently are top priorities that need to be addressed to keep up with growing demand for new wireless broadband services.

"Spectrum is our industry's backbone and it is what allows us to continue to innovate and create new apps, products, and services," Largent said in a statement. "Without this additional spectrum, our industry will cease to provide U.S. consumers with the most innovative and most competitive wireless offerings in the world."

The hearing comes just weeks after the CTIA ruffled broadcasters' feathers when it filed comments with the FCC suggesting that some of the additional spectrum it seeks for wireless broadband could come from unused TV broadcast spectrum. Broadcasters oppose giving up their spectrum. And some representatives for broadcasters say they don't believe that there is a spectrum crisis.

"There is no shortage of wireless spectrum in this country," said John Hane, counsel in the communications practice group of Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman, which represents the TV broadcast industry. "There is a lot of spectrum already available that could be used more efficiently. That is why we need these bills to take an inventory of what is currently being used."

Indeed, NAB and CTIA both said they support the passage of the Radio Spectrum Inventory Act, which would require the FCC and the U.S. National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) to inventory the wireless spectrum available in the U.S. It would also require those organization issue a public report on the government and private uses of the spectrum.

Smith of NAB also said during his testimony that it's important for Congress to look at all spectrum holders to ensure they are using their spectrum efficiently rather than singling out the broadcast industry.

"NAB believes that any inventory of spectrum should be comprehensive," he said in his prepared testimony. "Let's look at all bands and all services, including federal government bands. And let's view how each service is using its existing spectrum."

The NAB also said it supports another bill in the House, called the Spectrum Relocation Improvement Act, which would streamline the process for federal agencies to turn over unused spectrum so it can be auctioned to bidders in the private sector.

It's clear that the CTIA and FCC are taking on a big fight with calls for spectrum reallocation. And Jim Cicconi, senior executive vice president of external and legislative affairs for AT&T, said in an interview Tuesday that he admires the FCC for taking on such a battle.

"We certainly think that there is looming spectrum crisis," he said. "And I give the FCC chairman a great deal of credit for being courageous enough to lay out the problem and to seek what is best for consumers."

But he added that he also believes that the government needs to look at all sources of spectrum in solving this problem.

"That's why we agree there should be a spectrum inventory done," he said.

But skeptics, such as Hane, believe that a full inventory will actually show that no spectrum crisis exists. He argues that Congress may realize once it evaluates the data that there is no real crisis and that the current allocation of spectrum is sufficient to handle future growth.

Specifically, he says that wireless operators could be doing more with Wi-Fi and femto cell technology, which boosts radio signals indoors and then uses a wired broadband connection to send calls and data across a carriers network. He thinks this could help solve some of the efficiency problems that exist today instead of forcing TV broadcasters or government agencies to give up their spectrum.

But the CTIA argues that Wi-Fi and Femto cells are not enough to solve the spectrum shortage. Largent said additional spectrum is necessary to keep the U.S. competitive in the wireless market. And carriers such as AT&T, which is currently facing capacity issues due to heavy use of data services on devices like the iPhone, agree that freeing up more spectrum could help alleviate the problems the company currently faces.

Using a report from the International Telecommunications Union, CTIA calculates that by 2015 the U.S. and other developed nations will need about 1300 MHz spectrum to keep up with growing wireless broadband demand. Largent said in his testimony that the U.S. is lagging other nations in making additional spectrum available. Today, the U.S. has a little less than 500 MHz of spectrum that is commercially available. The trade group is asking the FCC to identify 800 MHz of additional spectrum that can be reallocated for wireless broadband use.

Largent pointed out that countries much smaller than the U.S. have much more spectrum available to them. For example, Germany, which has about 107 million wireless subscribers, will soon have about 645 MHz of spectrum available commercially. And the United Kingdom, which has only about 77 million subscribers will soon have 707 MHz of spectrum available for commercial purposes.

Largent said it is important for Congress to begin the spectrum reallocation process now because it takes years to identify and auction off new spectrum. The past two major FCC spectrum auctions each took more than 10 years to complete from start to finish.

NAB's Smith cautioned congressional leaders to not act hastily in reallocating spectrum. Not only could it hurt free over the air TV, but he said it could stifle innovation in improving digital TV. The U.S. just spent several years and billions of dollars converting to digital TV service, which uses spectrum more efficiently and often provides better service to consumers.

"Our national priorities should recognize the value that free over-the-air broadcasting brings to every American," Smith said in his testimony. "Broadcasting and broadband are not 'either/or' propositions as some have suggested; that's a false choice."

The bills before Congress are just the first step in what is likely to be a long battle for the wireless industry, government agencies and TV broadcasters.

"This is the first round in a 128-round match up," Hane said. "This is just getting started. So it's premature for the CTIA to begin talking about reallocating spectrum when we don't even have a full inventory of the spectrum that's currently being used."

AT&T 3G wireless customers in San Francisco had problems making calls, sending and receiving text messages, and accessing data on Friday evening.

AT&T spokesman Mark Siegel said that starting at about 4 p.m. PT on Friday afternoon, AT&T experienced a hardware issue in San Francisco that disrupted its 3G wireless network within the city. The hardware issue, which he did not elaborate on, was fixed by around 6:15 p.m. PT. And the 3G network has been working fine ever since, he said.

The problem did not affect AT&T's older and slower networks that use 2.5G EDGE or GSM technologies. This means that even though 3G service was disrupted, most customers' devices were able to switch to the slower networks to make calls and to send and receive data. Still, Siegel noted that AT&T detected that customers were having trouble accessing the 3G network, and the company quickly figured out the problem and resolved the issue within hours.

Even though their phones were likely switching over to AT&T's slower technology, many AT&T customers still noticed the issues, with many people reporting having problems with their 3G service on Twitter. Some of these customers said they were unable to access voice, data, or SMS messages at all.

Truth be told, the service disruption in San Francisco was not a really big deal. It affected a handful of customers. But at this point, any network problems, particularly in tech-savvy areas of the country such as San Francisco, only flames the fire of criticism that is heating up around AT&T's 3G service.

The disruption comes at a time when AT&T's reputation for 3G service is already tarnished. For more than a year, iPhone users have complained about dropped calls and poor service on the 3G network. The problems appear to be particularly acute in densely populated urban areas, such as New York and San Francisco.

Last week, Ralph de la Vega, head of AT&T's wireless business, admitted that AT&T is having problems in these cities. He said the company is working on resolving the issues.

De la Vega also admitted that AT&T is struggling to keep up with demand for data on its 3G network. And he alluded to adopting new "incentives" to encourage wireless customers to use less data.

Verizon Wireless, AT&T's biggest competitor, sees AT&T's problems as a golden marketing opportunity. And the carrier started running advertisements recently that highlight AT&T's lack of 3G coverage in some parts of the country. AT&T sued Verizon last month over the ads, accusing Verizon of misleading consumers.

AT&T has dropped its lawsuit, but the publicity around the tiff has likely not endeared AT&T to its customers, nor has it painted the company in a favorable light to anyone considering becoming an AT&T customer.

Meanwhile, AT&T claims in its own ads that it has the fastest 3G wireless network, a notion Verizon disputes. Earlier this year, Verizon also filed a lawsuit against AT&T claiming that the company was not being truthful in its advertising. But Verizon has also decided to dismiss its complaint.

The biggest problem for AT&T is that it is the only carrier in the United States that offers the most data-friendly and data-hungry mobile phone on the market: the iPhone. Analysts say users of the Apple smartphone consume five to seven times more data per month than other wireless subscribers.

AT&T has been upgrading its network to add capacity to keep up with demand, but for many consumers, the upgrades have not solved their service problems. AT&T recognizes more needs to be done. It has launched a new application for the iPhone that lets users report service problems. And the company is urging the Federal Communications Commission to find more wireless spectrum to auction off. But these solutions will take years to implement.

In the meantime, AT&T is faced with a major dilemma. It must continue to market the iPhone and all its bandwidth-hungry applications in order to continue growing its subscriber base, but it also needs to curb data usage until its network can handle the additional load.

In short, AT&T is in an impossible situation. If it backs off on its marketing, it risks losing Wall Street's confidence. If it continues to add new iPhone users, and its service suffers for it, it risks alienating its customers. And then the company may find itself spending the next several years repairing a severely damaged reputation.

Yet another wireless technology has been finalized by its backers, this one promising even faster speeds than current Wi-Fi specs.

The new WiGig standard has been finalized by the Wireless Gigabit Alliance, a group comprised of such heavy hitters as Intel, Dell, NEC, Toshiba, and Microsoft. WiGig promises speeds as fast as 7 gigabits per second, about ten times quicker than Wireless N (802.11n).

But don't get ready to throw out your existing Wi-Fi network. WiGig will only work over short distances, for instance, within a single room. So it's not designed to replace 802.11, but rather supplement it.

As such, its backers see WiGig as the right technology to wirelessly connect home media equipment, such as PCs, mobile devices, TVs, and video and audio players. Its speed could make WiGig the ideal platform for wirelessly streaming high-definition video to TVs and computers. It's also backward compatible with existing Wi-Fi standards.

"When we launched the WiGig Alliance in May, we announced our plan to complete the industry's first unified 60 GHz specification by Q4 2009, and we are proud to deliver on this promise to the industry," said Dr. Ali Sadri, president and chairman of the Wireless Gigabit Alliance. "We're rapidly paving the way for the introduction of the next generation of high‐performance wireless products--PCs, mobile handsets, TVs and displays, Blu‐ray disc players, digital cameras, and many more."

WiGig will run over the 60GHz spectrum, an unlicensed frequency relatively unused at this point. The spec joins an already growing superfast streaming WiFi playing field that includes WirelessHD and Wireless Home Digital Interface (WHDI).

Launched in May with 15 members, the WiGig Alliance has since doubled in size with four new companies joining this past quarter. Nvidia has been added to its board of directors, while AMD, SK Telecom, and TMC have jumped on board as contributor members.

The group said the WiGig specification is now ready for member review and is likely to be available to members who want to push it out by the first quarter of next year.

WASHINGTON, D.C.--The Federal Communications Commission got a slap on the wrist Thursday from federal auditors for not doing enough to protect wireless subscribers.

The Government Accountability Office issued a report Thursday that said the FCC needs to improve oversight of the wireless industry to protect consumers. The agency said the FCC needs to do a better job enforcing consumer protection rules and educating the public about how they can submit complaints when they have experienced problems with their carriers.

The report was requested by Rep. Edward Markey (D-Mass.) when he was chairman of the House Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet.

The survey of more than 1,100 cell phone users found that the vast majority of wireless subscribers, 84 percent to be exact, are satisfied with their mobile phone service, which is good news for the industry. But for the millions of wireless consumers who are dissatisfied, the report determined that the FCC is not doing enough to help them resolve their problems or protect their interests.

One of the biggest issues uncovered in the report is the fact that carrier early termination fees are preventing dissatisfied consumers from switching carriers. The report found that among consumers who wanted to switch carriers but did not, about 42 percent said they didn't switch because of the early termination fees that carriers charge customers when they end their contracts early. These fees apply to consumers who sign up for carrier contracts and buy a subsidized device. The fees can cost anywhere between $150 and $350.

The industry argues that the fees are set so that carriers can cover the cost of subsidizing the phones. Congress and the FCC have questioned this practice and now all four major U.S. wireless carriers prorate their early termination fees.

The GAO report also found that the FCC is not providing enough oversight in how carriers resolve complaints. The FCC receives about 20,000 complaints from consumers per year, and it forwards these complaints to carriers. But the GAO said the agency does not provide enough oversight to make sure those issues are resolved.

"FCC also lacks goals and measures that clearly identify the intended outcomes of its complaint processing efforts," the report said. "Consequently, FCC cannot demonstrate the effectiveness of its efforts to process complaints."

Other issues cited in the report include billing problems. According to the report, about 34 percent of mobile-phone customers received unexpected charges on their bills. And roughly 31 percent had difficulty understanding their bill.

CTIA, the trade group that represents the mobile phone industry, pointed to the positive aspects of the report that found that 84 percent of customers were satisfied with their service.

"In this fiercely competitive industry, our members work very hard for each customer to provide them with the best products and services," Steve Largent, CTIA's president and CEO, said in a statement.

The GAO report suggests the FCC develop goals for handling consumer complaints. And it recommends that the agency analyze the complaints to identify trends and to see if carriers are actually complying with existing rules. The report also suggests the FCC come up with better ways to communicate with state officials to address some of these problems.

"The FCC can--and must--do more to make sure consumer concerns are resolved by wireless carriers and oversee the wireless industry with a greater focus on consumer protection," Senate Commerce Committee Chairman John Jay Rockefeller (D-W. Va.), said in a statement. "It is time for the agency to take real action to better protect wireless consumers."

At the telecommunications and policy summit here on Thursday, Ruth Milkman, chief of the wireless telecommunications bureau at the FCC, said the agency is already addressing some of these issues. Last week it opened an inquiry into Verizon's recent early termination fee hike. Verizon Wireless raised the fee for terminating a contract for a smartphone to $350 from $175.

In a formal response to the GAO report, the FCC said it has already launched three proceedings examining mobile-phone practices. And the FCC also noted that it's developing a new system for tracking complaints.

Correction made December 9 at 7:51 p.m. PDT: An earlier version of this story incorrectly stated that AT&T had announced a tiered pricing plan. The company is considering incentives to curb heavy wireless data usage.

AT&T wants its iPhone users to use less wireless data, and it may consider new pricing models to curb users' data usage as it tries to keep up with growing demand.

At an investor conference in New York on Wednesday, Ralph de la Vega, AT&T's head of wireless, said the wireless operator is considering incentives to get consumers to reduce their data usage.

De la Vega said 3 percent of smartphone users are consuming 40 percent of the network capacity.

"We're going to try to focus on making sure we give incentives to those small percentages to either reduce or modify their usage so they don't crowd out the other customers in those same cell sites," said de la Vega according to a transcript of the conference. "And you'll see us address that more in detail."

He went on to say that most consumers aren't aware which applications use a lot of bandwidth and which do not. For example, email does not consume a lot of bandwidth, whereas streaming video and audio do consume a great deal of bandwidth.

"What's driving usage on the network and driving these high usage situations are things like video, or audio that keeps playing around the clock," he said, according to the transcript provided by AT&T. "And so we've got to get to those customers and have them recognize that they need to change their pattern, or there will be other things that they are going to have to do to reduce their usage."

AT&T has been struggling to keep up with demand for wireless-data usage on its network. The iPhone, launched more than two years ago, has revolutionized mobile Web usage. The device, which was built more for accessing the Net than making calls, can access more than 100,000 applications, many of which use the mobile Internet.

iPhone users on average consume five to seven times more data per month than average wireless subscribers, according to analyst firm Sanford Bernstein. And all this usage is clogging the network, causing many iPhone users, especially in large cities such as New York and San Francisco, to experience dropped calls, slow 3G service, and issues connecting to the network at all.

AT&T has been reluctant to admit that there is a problem, but recently, the company has acknowledged that problems exist. According to The Wall Street Journal, de la Vega admitted that New York and San Francisco have been experiencing service issues. And the company recently launched an iPhone application that allows users to report service problems.

AT&T has been upgrading its network to the next generation of 3G wireless service to increase network capacity. But now the company is saying it needs to actually curb usage in order to get a handle on demand.

De la Vega didn't provide specifics about how the company would actually get consumers to use less data. But he said that a usage-based pricing model may be considered in the future.

"I think longer-term, there's got to be some sort of a pricing scheme that addresses the usage," he said. "But that's going to be determined by industry competitive factors, regulatory factors and customer [successes]."

The idea is that usage based pricing may actually deter consumers from using high-bandwidth applications. Unlike voice service, which is already tiered, wireless-data service is charged at an all-you-can-eat flat rate. iPhone users select a voice plan, then pay an extra $30 a month for unlimited data usage. By contrast, AT&T has limited the amount of data that its wireless-data card users can consume each month to 5GB. After that limit has been reached, customers who use the AT&T network to access the Net from their laptops get charged more based on their usage.

But asking iPhone users and other smartphone subscribers to cut back on their data usage may be somewhat unrealistic, and it could actually stifle innovation and development of the mobile Internet.

AT&T seems to realize that this is not a long-term solution. And not only is the carrier upgrading its network, but it's also asking the Federal Communications Commission to find more spectrum to auction off that can be used for wireless-data services. Jim Cicconi, senior executive vice president of external and legislative affairs for AT&T, said in a separate interview with CNET on Wednesday that something needs to be done to deal with the flood of wireless-data traffic.

Cicconi and AT&T's CEO Randall Stephenson met with FCC staff members earlier this week to discuss the spectrum issue.

"Clearly, there is a looming crisis that needs to be addressed when it comes to spectrum availability," Cicconi said in an interview at his office in Washington, D.C. "Wireless-data usage is growing far faster than anyone had expected. And if we don't do something soon, we will run out very fast. And then we will have to start telling wireless customers that they can't do all the things they want to do with their devices."

FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski has made freeing up more spectrum a top priority. And he has already proposed that the FCC look into taking some spectrum away from TV broadcasters to give to wireless operators to deliver more wireless-broadband services.

Naturally, the TV broadcasters oppose such a proposal.

Verizon Wireless, AT&T's main competitor, has already amended wireless-data pricing for its low-end phones in an effort to squeeze out more revenue from users. But drastic changes in data pricing could scare off some customers and curb smartphone adoption altogether.

The Federal Communications Commission opened a formal proceeding Wednesday to get feedback on whether it should reclaim some spectrum licenses held by TV broadcasters and auction them off to wireless broadband providers.

The public comment notice issued by the FCC is the first step in a process that could pit TV broadcasters against the FCC and the wireless industry.

FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski said in a speech earlier in the week that he is interested in taking back some of these airwaves to re-auction them for use in building new wireless broadband services.

Broadcasters oppose a plan under which they'd give up any spectrum licenses, saying that it would harm some Americans' access to free over-the-air TV programming. But some FCC officials, such as Blair Levin, who is in charge of drafting a policy plan for national broadband, argue that some of this spectrum is not being used efficiently or effectively. The idea is that the spectrum could be better used for providing 4G wireless services.

Spectrum that is used by broadcasters is considered ideal because it transmits signals over long distances and can penetrate through walls. Using it to build wireless broadband services would mean that service providers do not have to put radios on as many towers, which saves money when building networks and increases the reach of a network.

The most recent spectrum auction sold licenses for the 700MHz band of spectrum, which had been used to transmit analog TV signals. The FCC re-auctioned this spectrum after Congress mandated that all major TV broadcasters shift to broadcasting digital signals rather analog signals. Verizon Communications was one of the major winners in the 700MHz auction. And its wireless division, Verizon Wireless, is using the spectrum to build its 4G next-generation wireless network, which is expected to go live in some markets starting in 2010.

As more Americans use Internet-connected wireless devices, such as smartphones, and ultra portable devices, such as e-readers and Netbooks, the current allocation for wireless services is becoming saturated. Chairman Genachowski warned in his speech that without more spectrum dedicated to wireless broadband services, the nation faces a crisis that could stifle innovation.

The FCC will accept public comment on this issue until December 21.

Verizon Wireless and AT&T have ended their public legal spat over advertising, and have thus agreed to stop complaining about each other's advertising campaigns.

On Wednesday AT&T announced it dropped its suit against Verizon Wireless for allegedly misleading customers by showing its weak 3G coverage. And Verizon said it agreed to drop a suit it filed earlier this year against AT&T for claiming it had the "More Bars in More Places," the "Best Coverage," and the "Best Worldwide Coverage."

In its amended suit filed in August, Verizon said that AT&T had no basis to refer to its network as the best, because Verizon claims in its own advertising to have "America's Most Reliable 3G Network" and "America's Best 3G Network."

"Through these advertisements, AT&T claims to have a wireless network that is superior, both qualitatively ("More Bars") and quantitatively ("More Places") to the wireless networks of all other U.S. wireless carriers, including Verizon Wireless, both in the United States and worldwide, when in fact, none of those claims is true," Verizon said in its complaint.

But now it looks like AT&T and Verizon have made peace with one another, as AT&T dropped its case in Atlanta and Verizon dismissed its case filed in New York.

However, the lawsuits bring up an interesting trend that was noted recently in an article published by The New York Times. Increasingly, companies are suing each other over claims made in their advertising campaigns.

In addition to AT&T and Verizon Wireless, other longtime foes, such as shampoo and soap makers Pantene and Dove, dog food makers Science Diet and Iams, and soup companies Campbell Soup and Progresso have all haggled over ads, challenging competitors to prove their claims.

Some complaints over "misleading" advertising are filed with the National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus, which is the industry's main self-regulatory program for national ads. But others go to court and file lawsuits under the Lanham Act, which was passed in 1946 to strengthen trademark law. Verizon's lawsuit cited the Lanham Act.

While these lawsuits and complaints may be legitimate, the truth is that most consumers take these advertisements claiming to be the "best" or the "strongest" at anything with a grain of salt. And there is some indication that the mere publicity from these lawsuits can backfire on companies, giving consumers a negative impression of the company that files the lawsuit.

It can be argued that this has happened to AT&T. There have already been numerous reports about problems with AT&T's network, particularly for iPhone users. And when the company filed its lawsuit against Verizon, many consumers expressed anger at AT&T for whining about the advertisement, when many felt that the claims expressed in the advertisement were true.

By contrast, Verizon's lawsuit against AT&T was not well-publicized. In fact, most technology reporters and bloggers hadn't even known about or mentioned the suit until Wednesday when the two companies agreed to drop litigation against each other. It remains to be seen if consumers will also deem the dismissed Verizon lawsuit a bit whiny.

AT&T has dismissed its lawsuit against Verizon Wireless for using an advertisement that AT&T complained confused customers about its 3G wireless coverage.

(Credit: Verizon Wireless)

On Wednesday, AT&T formally dismissed the lawsuit. Last month, the wireless operator suffered a major legal setback when a judge rejected the company's request to force Verizon to pull its "There's A Map For That" advertising campaign.

AT&T filed its lawsuit in federal court in Atlanta in early November asserting that Verizon Wireless' advertisements mislead customers by suggesting that AT&T subscribers cannot access wireless Internet services throughout its network. AT&T has called the ads blatantly false and has said that the commercials have caused irreparable harm to the company.

The advertisements that Verizon is running show two maps that each indicate 3G wireless coverage. One map shows coverage for Verizon and the other depicts AT&T's coverage. Verizon just recently started airing another commercial that depicts Santa Claus' reindeer referring to Verizon's and AT&T's 3G coverage maps.

AT&T has also started running its own advertisements that are critical of Verizon Wireless. The ads feature Luke Wilson and slam Verizon for not allowing users to talk and surf the Web at the same time, something that wireless subscribers can do on AT&T smartphones.

Verizon Wireless declined to comment on the news of the dismissal. And AT&T also declined to comment further on the matter.